Question 1

The term Lombroso used to describe criminals who were biological throwbacks to an earlier evolutionary stage was______.

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Question 2

Lombroso maintained that there were three classes of criminals; well over one-half of all criminals were______.

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Question 3

According to physical-appearance theorists, persons with______skeletons are more likely to commit acts of aggression.

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Question 4

Family-study researcher Charles Goring asserted that criminality is associated with the inherited characteristics of______and______.

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Question 5

Twin and adoption researcher Karl Christiansen found stronger patterns of criminal behavior among_______________ twins than _______________ twins.

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Question 6

Research on neurotransmitters in the brain by Raine and Scerbo found that antisocial people have lower levels of______than the general population, and thus, may account for criminal behavior.

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Question 7

Mednick studied the relationship between the______and criminal behavior and found that people who are not easily aroused emotionally are less responsive to conditioning, whether punishment or rewards.

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Question 8

Friedman found a strong relationship between alcohol and violence for______(males/ females).

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Question 9

Some biological researchers have found that delivery complications followed by the_______________ are strongly associated with criminal offending

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Question 10

If research determines that biological factors increase the likelihood that an individual will engage in criminal behavior, the crime control policy will shift to a______that involves identification of those with the relevant biological factors in order to treat them and in turn prevent crime.

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Question 11

______ asserts that crime is an expression of buried internal conflicts that result from traumas and deprivations during childhood, such as a poor early relationship with the mother or father, fixation at a stage of emotional development, and/or repressed sexuality or guilt.

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Question 12

Goddard concluded that most criminals were feebleminded based on______.

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Question 13

______ assert that delinquents and criminals have abnormal, inadequate or specific criminal personalities or personality traits that differentiate them from law-abiding citizens. Personality theories

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Question 14

______ is defined as acting without thinking.

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Question 15

______ is a problem-focused intervention that emphasizes changing the way one perceives, reflects, and thinks through modeling, graduated practice, role playing, reinforcement, and concrete verbal suggestions.

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Question 16

The overall policy implication from a psychological perspective is to use______to correct and control personality traits and mental processes that are associated with criminal behavior. therapeutic intervention

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Question 17

The sociological theory that asserts that persons become criminals when they are isolated from mainstream culture and instead immersed in impoverished and dilapidated neighborhoods that have their own sets of norms and values is______.

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Question 18

The condition in which social norms no longer control the activity of society's members is called_______

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Question 19

Anomie theorist Robert Merton believed that the "split" between ______________ and the______________ for achieving those goals was the cause of anomie.

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Question 20

The sociological theory that argues that behavior may be reinforced not only with rewards and punishments, but also with expectations that are learned by watching what happens to other people is_______-

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Quiz 3: Theories of Offender Treatment: Reasons to Have a Theoretical Roadmap