Question 1

At yearend 2008, approximately how many people were either on probation or parole, or in jail or prison?
A) 5.3 million
B) 6.3 million
C) 7.3 million
D) 8.3 million

Accepted Answer

At yearend 2008, approximately 7.3 million people were under correctional supervision, which includes those on probation, parole, or incarcerated in jail or prison.

Question 2

A combined short-term incarceration sentence immediately followed by probation is referred to as:
A) split sentence
B) probation
C) parole
D) community service

Accepted Answer

A split sentence involves a short-term incarceration followed by a period of probation, combining both imprisonment and community supervision.

Question 3

Release on one's personal word is referred to as:
A) probation
B) oral release
C) release on recognizance
D) community service

Accepted Answer

Release on recognizance refers to the release of a defendant based on their promise to return to court, without requiring bail.

Question 4

The most common type of offense for which probationers were under supervision at yearend 2008 was:
A) a drug offense
B) a violent offense
C) a property offense
D) a public order offense

Accepted Answer

Drug offenses were the most common type of offense for which probationers were under supervision at yearend 2008.

Question 5

A philosophy of offender treatment that regards criminal behavior as a disease to be treated is:
A) the just deserts model
B) the medical model
C) the prescription model
D) the community model

Accepted Answer

The medical model regards criminal behavior as a disease to be treated.

Question 6

A philosophy of offender treatment that calls attention to the influence of the social environment on offending behavior is:
A) the treatment model
B) the medical model
C) the just deserts model
D) the community model

Accepted Answer

The community model emphasizes the role of the social environment and community in influencing and rehabilitating offenders, focusing on reintegration and support within the community.

Question 7

In which philosophy of offender treatment are probation officers viewed as social workers engaged in counseling with their "clients," the probationers?
A) the just deserts model
B) the medical model
C) the prescription model
D) the community model

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which philosophy of offender treatment are...

Question 8

In which philosophy of offender treatment do probation officers turn to community resources for therapeutic, employment, social, educational and vocational interventions?
A) the treatment model
B) the medical model
C) the brokerage model
D) the just deserts model

Accepted Answer

The brokerage model involves probation officers connecting offenders with community resources for various interventions.

Question 9

Which philosophy of offender treatment focuses on punishment and supports a philosophy that calls for control, surveillance, and monitoring of probationers using technological tools such as GPS, remote- location monitoring and breathalyzers?
A) the just deserts model
B) the medical model
C) the prescription model
D) the brokerage model

Accepted Answer

The just deserts model emphasizes punishment and retribution, aligning with the use of control, surveillance, and monitoring technologies for offenders.

Question 10

Probation work is twofold: case investigation and offender supervision. Which one of the following is not an element of offender supervision?
A) preparing the presentence report
B) providing offenders access to services
C) monitoring the probationer's activities
D) holding offenders accountable

Accepted Answer

Preparing the presentence report is part of case investigation, not offender supervision.

Question 11

Federal courts require that the PSR be disclosed to the defendant, his or her counsel, and the attorney for the government, except in three instances. Which one of the following is not one of the three exceptions?
A) when disclosure might disrupt rehabilitation of the defendant
B) when information disclosed in the PSR was obtained on the promise of confidentiality
C) when disclosure might result in harm to the defendant or any other person
D) when disclosure might interfere with a defendant's right to appeal

Accepted Answer

The three exceptions to disclosing the PSR are when it might disrupt rehabilitation, when information was obtained under confidentiality, and when it might result in harm. Interference with the right to appeal is not an exception.

Question 12

Researchers asked Utah judges how they use the PSR. What did 90 percent of the judges claim?
A) they start at the beginning and read the entire report
B) they skip over most of the report and only focus on the evaluative summary and sentence recommendation
C) they skim and scan the entire report
D) they ask the probation officer for an oral summary

Accepted Answer

90 percent of the judges claimed that they start at the beginning and read the entire report.

Question 13

Which one of the following counseling strategies refers to a style of offender-centered counseling that facilitates changes in behavior.
A) cognitive behavioral treatment
B) psychotherapy
C) motivational interviewing
D) guided group interaction

Accepted Answer

Motivational interviewing is an offender-centered counseling strategy that facilitates behavior change by helping individuals explore and resolve ambivalence.

Question 14

Which one of the following was not discussed as a way for probation officers to lessen the tension and mistrust between themselves and their probationers?
A) match probationers and probation officers by race/ethnicity and gender
B) demonstrate high service energy
C) demonstrate a nonjudgmental attitude
D) demonstrate knowledge of the probationer's culture

Accepted Answer

Matching probationers and probation officers by race/ethnicity and gender was not discussed as a method to lessen tension and mistrust. The other options focus on behaviors and attitudes that can improve the relationship.

Question 15

A problem-focused intervention that emphasizes skill training to change the way an individual perceives, reflects, and thinks describes:
A) motivational interviewing
B) cognitive-behavioral treatment
C) personal problem solving
D) working alliance

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral treatment emphasizes skill training to change the way an individual perceives, reflects, and thinks.

Question 16

The theory behind this type of offender counseling is that offenders' distorted cognition impairs their ability to correctly read social clues, accept blame, and morally reason, thereby creating a sense of entitlement.
A) motivational interviewing
B) cognitive-behavioral treatment
C) personal problem solving
D) working alliance

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral treatment focuses on changing distorted thinking patterns and behaviors, which aligns with addressing offenders' distorted cognition and improving their social reasoning and moral understanding.

Question 17

As discussed in the chapter, revocation is a serious matter for several reasons. Which one of the following is not one of those reasons?
A) processing revocation consumes a significant portion of the court's time, energy, and resources
B) if revocation results in incarceration the costs are even higher
C) imprisoning offenders who otherwise would have been placed on probation may force their families to go on welfare or make greater demands on community resources
D) revocation hearings require new trials and offenders' access to due process

Accepted Answer

Revocation hearings do not require new trials; they are administrative proceedings where the standard of proof is lower than in criminal trials, and they do not provide the same level of due process rights as a new trial would.

Question 18

The U.S. Supreme Court extended due process right to probationers in which case?
A) Gagnon v. Scarpelli
B) Morrissey v. Brewer
C) Scarpelli v. Brewer
D) Morrissey v. Gagnon

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Supreme Court extended due process rights to probationers in Gagnon v. Scarpelli, establishing that probationers are entitled to a hearing before probation can be revoked.

Question 19

Which due process right did the U. S. Supreme Court not grant probationers in revocation hearings? A) written notice of the charge B) disclosure to the probationer of the evidence C) ^{automatic right to}^counsel D) the right to confront and cross-examine witnesses

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Supreme Court did not grant probationers the automatic right to counsel in revocation hearings.

Question 20

Which one of the following was not discussed as an important criterion for establishing probation caseload sizes?
A) breaking cases down by risk of reoffending
B) breaking cases down by offense type
C) breaking cases down by criminogenic needs
D) breaking cases down by race/ethnicity

Accepted Answer

Breaking cases down by race/ethnicity is not typically considered an important criterion for establishing probation caseload sizes, as it does not directly relate to the risk of reoffending, offense type, or criminogenic needs, which are more relevant factors in managing probation effectively.

Quiz 7: Probation and ISP: The Most Common Methods of Correctional Supervision in America

At yearend 2008, approximately how many people were either on probation or parole, or in jail or prison?

A combined short-term incarceration sentence immediately followed by probation is referred to as:

Release on one's personal word is referred to as:

The most common type of offense for which probationers were under supervision at yearend 2008 was:

A philosophy of offender treatment that regards criminal behavior as a disease to be treated is:

A philosophy of offender treatment that calls attention to the influence of the social environment on offending behavior is:

In which philosophy of offender treatment are probation officers viewed as social workers engaged in counseling with their "clients," the probationers?

In which philosophy of offender treatment do probation officers turn to community resources for therapeutic, employment, social, educational and vocational interventions?

Which philosophy of offender treatment focuses on punishment and supports a philosophy that calls for control, surveillance, and monitoring of probationers using technological tools such as GPS, remote- location monitoring and breathalyzers?

Probation work is twofold: case investigation and offender supervision. Which one of the following is not an element of offender supervision?

Federal courts require that the PSR be disclosed to the defendant, his or her counsel, and the attorney for the government, except in three instances. Which one of the following is not one of the three exceptions?

Researchers asked Utah judges how they use the PSR. What did 90 percent of the judges claim?

Which one of the following counseling strategies refers to a style of offender-centered counseling that facilitates changes in behavior.

Which one of the following was not discussed as a way for probation officers to lessen the tension and mistrust between themselves and their probationers?

A problem-focused intervention that emphasizes skill training to change the way an individual perceives, reflects, and thinks describes:

The theory behind this type of offender counseling is that offenders' distorted cognition impairs their ability to correctly read social clues, accept blame, and morally reason, thereby creating a sense of entitlement.

As discussed in the chapter, revocation is a serious matter for several reasons. Which one of the following is not one of those reasons?

The U.S. Supreme Court extended due process right to probationers in which case?

Which due process right did the U. S. Supreme Court not grant probationers in revocation hearings?

Which one of the following was not discussed as an important criterion for establishing probation caseload sizes?