Question 1

Respect for persons, beneficence, and justice are the three basic principles of ethical treatment of human participants underlying all medical and behavioral research as outlined in the Belmont Report.

Accepted Answer

The Belmont Report, published in 1979, outlines these three ethical principles to guide research involving human subjects.

Question 2

Although psychologists are bound by the APA ethical principles, there are no government regulations that apply to the conduct of psychological research.

Accepted Answer

Government regulations, such as the Common Rule in the United States, apply to the conduct of psychological research to ensure ethical standards and the protection of human subjects.

Question 3

According to the 2002 APA ethical principles, it is permissible to offer excessive financial inducements for research participation when such inducements are likely to coerce participation.

Accepted Answer

The 2002 APA ethical principles discourage offering excessive financial inducements for research participation as they may coerce individuals into participating, compromising their ability to give informed consent.

Question 4

According to the 2002 APA ethical principles, when research participation is a course requirement or an opportunity for extra credit, a prospective participant is given the choice of equitable alternative activities.

Accepted Answer

The 2002 APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct require that when research participation is a course requirement or an opportunity for extra credit, participants must be offered equitable alternative activities to ensure voluntary participation.

Question 5

Psychologists make reasonable efforts to avoid offering excessive or inappropriate financial or other inducements for research participation when such inducements are likely to coerce participation.

Accepted Answer

Psychologists adhere to ethical guidelines that emphasize voluntary participation in research, avoiding coercion through excessive or inappropriate incentives.

Question 6

Informed consent to participate in psychological research can never be dispensed with.

Accepted Answer

Informed consent can sometimes be waived in certain research scenarios, such as when the research involves minimal risk and obtaining consent is impractical or would compromise the research's integrity.

Question 7

Psychologists have no obligation to offer participants a prompt opportunity to obtain appropriate information about the nature, results, and conclusions of research.

Accepted Answer

Psychologists have an ethical obligation to debrief participants, providing them with information about the nature, results, and conclusions of the research to ensure transparency and respect for the participants' involvement.

Question 8

The Department of Health and Human Services regulations were developed because ethical violations persisted even after other ethical guidelines were adopted.

Accepted Answer

The Department of Health and Human Services regulations were developed to address ongoing ethical violations in research, despite the existence of earlier ethical guidelines like the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki.

Question 9

Submission of a research proposal to an institutional review board (IRB) is totally voluntary in institutions that receive federal funding.

Accepted Answer

Institutions that receive federal funding are required to submit research proposals involving human subjects to an IRB for review to ensure ethical standards are met.

Question 10

According to the principles for ethical Internet research practice, ethical issues must be addressed at every stage of the research process, including designing the study, conducting the study, and disseminating the results.

Accepted Answer

Ethical Internet research practice requires consideration of ethical issues throughout the entire research process to ensure the protection of participants and integrity of the research.

Question 11

According to the principles for ethical Internet research practice, making ethical decisions is a deliberative process and an Internet researcher should consult others when making these decisions.

Accepted Answer

Consulting others is part of a deliberative process that helps ensure ethical decisions are well-considered and align with established ethical guidelines.

Question 12

Internet research that makes use of existing chat rooms, online communities, and e-mail groups poses no more ethical concerns than offline research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Internet research that makes use of existing...

Question 13

Unlike research using human participants, research using animal subjects does not require review and approval by an institutional committee before being carried out.

Accepted Answer

Research using animal subjects typically requires review and approval by an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) to ensure ethical treatment and compliance with regulations.

Question 14

Plagiarism is the most serious form of research fraud.

Accepted Answer

While plagiarism is a serious ethical violation, other forms of research fraud, such as data fabrication or falsification, can have more severe consequences on scientific integrity and public trust.

Question 15

Research fraud can arise from scientific elitism.

Accepted Answer

Scientific elitism can create an environment where only certain ideas or individuals are valued, potentially leading to pressure to produce results that align with elite expectations, which can foster fraudulent practices.

Question 16

According to Uri Simonsohn of the University of Pennsylvania, it is easy to detect fraud using raw data, and he advocates for posting raw data publically.

Accepted Answer

Uri Simonsohn is known for advocating transparency in research and has suggested that making raw data publicly available can help detect fraud.

Question 17

The Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) program includes educational experiences centering on issues such as research misconduct, responsible authorship, and peer review.

Accepted Answer

The RCR program is designed to educate researchers about ethical practices and issues in research, including topics like research misconduct, responsible authorship, and peer review.

Question 18

Scientists should be discouraged from reporting research fraud because their careers may be threatened.

Accepted Answer

Discouraging scientists from reporting research fraud undermines scientific integrity and can lead to the perpetuation of false information. It is important to encourage transparency and accountability in research to maintain trust in scientific findings.

Question 19

The Office of Research Integrity (ORI) suggests that whistleblowers are a crucial component in the fight against misconduct in science.

Accepted Answer

The ORI recognizes the importance of whistleblowers in identifying and reporting scientific misconduct, which helps maintain integrity in research.

Question 20

Discuss the evolution of ethical principles for research with human participants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the evolution of ethical principles for...

Quiz 7: Understanding Ethical Issues in the Research Process