Question 1

According to Frederick Herzberg,________ are elements associated with conditions surrounding the job and are not directly related to the doing of a job.
A) hygiene factors
B) motivators
C) economic factors
D) environmental factors

Accepted Answer

Herzberg's two-factor theory distinguishes between hygiene factors and motivators. Hygiene factors are elements associated with the conditions surrounding the job, such as salary, working conditions, and interpersonal relationships, and are not directly related to the doing of the job. Motivators, on the other hand, are factors that are tied to the work itself and include such things as a sense of achievement, recognition, and opportunities for advancement.

Question 2

A plant manager in a small factory wants to raise workforce morale.Upon inquiry,she finds out that the working conditions at the plant are safe,clean,and pleasant and that recent expansion of the workforce has assured employees of job security.Which of the following actions should the manager take to ensure that the "belongingness" needs in Maslow's hierarchy are satisfied?
A) pay bonuses to workers who achieve specified goals
B) publicly praise those workers who have been most productive
C) set up after-work activities, such as a softball team, to allow more social interaction
D) arrange training sessions to boost the skills of workers who show talent in a particular area

Accepted Answer

Setting up after-work activities, such as a softball team or other social events, can help foster a sense of community and belonging among employees. This can help satisfy the belongingness needs in Maslow's hierarchy. Paying bonuses or publicly praising workers may satisfy esteem needs, while arranging training sessions may satisfy self-actualization needs. However, in this scenario, the primary focus is on satisfying belongingness needs.

Question 3

The three basic categories of needs identified by Alderfer in his ERG theory are ________.
A) existence, relatedness, and goal
B) existence, recognition, and growth
C) existence, relatedness, and growth
D) esteem, relatedness, and goal

Accepted Answer

Alderfer's ERG theory categorizes needs into three basic categories: existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs. Existence needs include the basic needs for survival such as food, shelter, and safety. Relatedness needs include the need for social interactions and relationships with others. Growth needs include the need for personal development and growth such as achievement and self-esteem. Option A is incorrect as it uses the term "goal" instead of "growth." Option B is incorrect as it includes "recognition" instead of "relatedness." Option D is incorrect as it includes "esteem" instead of "existence."

Question 4

________ focuses on core job attributes,critical psychological states,and expected outcomes.
A) The equity model
B) The expectancy model
C) The two-factor model
D) The job characteristics model

Accepted Answer

The job characteristics model (JCM) focuses on core job attributes, critical psychological states, and expected outcomes. It suggests that redesigning jobs to increase these factors can improve motivation, job satisfaction, and performance. The equity model focuses on fairness in rewards, the expectancy model focuses on the relationship between effort and performance, and the two-factor model focuses on hygiene factors and motivators in the workplace.

Question 5

A manager wishes to improve the job performance of a group of clerical workers.Based on Herzberg's theory,________ would be an appropriate motivator.
A) providing them with a better health care plan
B) setting up a break room where coworkers could socialize
C) offering them opportunities for achievement and recognition
D) redecorating their offices so that they are pleasant and comfortable

Accepted Answer

According to Herzberg's theory, motivators are factors that lead to job satisfaction and include opportunities for achievement and recognition. Providing a better health care plan and redecorating their offices may improve their job satisfaction but they are not necessarily motivators. Setting up a break room where coworkers could socialize may not directly impact job performance. Therefore, offering opportunities for achievement and recognition is the most appropriate motivator in this scenario.

Question 6

McClelland,in his acquired needs theory,considered ________ needs to be extremely important.
A) esteem, achievement, and recognition
B) affiliation, power, and achievement
C) existence, power, and growth
D) existence, relatedness, and growth

Accepted Answer

McClelland's acquired needs theory consists of three main needs: the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, and the need for power. While esteem and recognition may relate to the need for achievement, and growth may relate to the need for power, the correct combination of needs as identified by McClelland is the need for affiliation, the need for power, and the need for achievement.

Question 7

According to the job characteristics model,________ is defined as the degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the lives of other people.
A) autonomy
B) task identify
C) task significance
D) skill variety

Accepted Answer

Task significance is defined as the degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the lives of other people, such as improving their well-being, providing a necessary service, or making a meaningful difference in the world. Autonomy refers to the degree of independence and decision-making authority a job provides, task identity refers to the extent to which a job involves completing a whole, identifiable piece of work, and skill variety refers to the range and complexity of tasks involved in a job.

Question 8

According to the job characteristics model,________ is defined as the degree to which carrying out the work activities required by the job provides the individual with direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance.
A) task significance
B) feedback from the job
C) autonomy
D) task identify

Accepted Answer

According to the job characteristics model, feedback from the job is defined as the degree to which carrying out the work activities required by the job provides the individual with direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance. This is one of the five core job characteristics that can impact job satisfaction and motivation.

Question 9

Whereas ________ focus on which variables affect motivation,________ focus on how the variables affect motivation.
A) content theories; process theories
B) process theories; content theories
C) equity theories; expectancy theories
D) goal-setting theories; reinforcement theories

Accepted Answer

Content theories of motivation focus on identifying the factors that drive motivation, such as needs and desires, while process theories look into the mechanisms through which these factors influence motivation, explaining how motivation occurs.

Question 10

While they agree that satisfaction is a factor in motivation,scholars note that there is little evidence that increasing employee satisfaction actually increases motivation.This has led them to criticize the ________ as being overly simplistic.
A) equity theory
B) expectancy theory
C) two-factor theory
D) hierarchy of needs theory

Accepted Answer

The statement is referring to the two-factor theory, which suggests that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are separate but related factors that influence motivation. While satisfaction can prevent dissatisfaction, it alone may not necessarily increase motivation. Scholars have criticized this theory for being too simplistic in its understanding of motivation.

Question 11

________ is a motivation theory proposing that individuals will compare their circumstances to those of others and that such comparisons may motivate certain kinds of behavior.
A) Expectancy theory
B) Social cognitive theory
C) Equity theory
D) Herzberg's two-factor theory

Accepted Answer

Equity theory proposes that individuals will compare their circumstances (inputs) to those of others (outputs) and that these comparisons may motivate certain kinds of behavior, such as reducing or increasing effort levels, seeking new opportunities or changing their comparison points. Expectancy theory argues that motivation depends on an individual's belief in their ability to perform required tasks and receive desired rewards, while Herzberg's two-factor theory suggests that job satisfaction is influenced by hygiene factors (e.g. salary, working conditions) and motivators (e.g. recognition, opportunities for growth). Social cognitive theory emphasizes the role of cognitive, behavioral, and environmental factors in shaping motivation and behavior.

Question 12

According to the job characteristics model,________ is the degree to which a job provides substantial freedom,independence,and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and in determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out.
A) task significance
B) autonomy
C) feedback from the job
D) task identity

Accepted Answer

Autonomy refers to the degree of freedom and independence that an individual has in scheduling and performing their work, including the ability to make decisions about how to carry out tasks. Task significance refers to the degree to which a job has a significant impact on the lives or work of others. Feedback from the job refers to the degree to which individuals receive clear and specific information about their job performance, while task identity refers to the degree to which a job involves completing a whole and identifiable piece of work.

Question 13

________ is a motivation theory that focuses on the presumed different effects of intrinsic job factors and extrinsic situational factors.
A) Herzberg's two-factor theory
B) Vroom's expectancy theory
C) McClelland's acquired needs theory
D) Maslow's need hierarchy

Accepted Answer

Herzberg's two-factor theory focuses on the different effects of intrinsic job factors (such as recognition and personal growth) and extrinsic situational factors (such as salary and job security) on motivation and job satisfaction. It proposes that intrinsic factors are more closely related to job satisfaction, while extrinsic factors are more closely related to job dissatisfaction.

Question 14

Within the context of the job characteristics model,the event manager,handling all the plans for the annual executive retreat and attending the retreat and receiving information on its success from the participants,is an example of ________.
A) skill variety
B) task identity
C) autonomy
D) task significance

Accepted Answer

Task identity refers to the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work. In this case, the event manager is involved in all aspects of planning and executing the retreat, which aligns with task identity.

Question 15

Within the context of the job characteristics model,a company's intranet linking all the R&D scientists,allowing them to post their ideas and propose solutions at any hour of the day,whether at the office,at home,or on the road,is an example of ________.
A) autonomy
B) task significance
C) skill variety
D) task identity

Accepted Answer

Autonomy refers to the degree to which employees have freedom, independence, and discretion in scheduling their work, determining the procedures to be used, and making decisions related to their work. Allowing R&D scientists to post their ideas and propose solutions at any hour of the day, whether at the office, at home, or on the road, provides them with a high level of autonomy as they have the freedom to work on their ideas and solutions whenever and wherever they want.

Question 16

McClelland's acquired needs theory asserts that managers who work with high-need achievers typically should ________.
A) expect them to take extreme risks
B) assign extremely difficult tasks to them
C) not provide any feedback on their performance
D) assume they will take personal responsibility for their actions

Accepted Answer

According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, high-need achievers tend to take personal responsibility for their actions and are motivated by opportunities for achievement. Therefore, managers should assume that they will take personal responsibility for their actions.

Question 17

________ involves increasing the complexity of a job to provide a greater sense of responsibility,accomplishment,and achievement.
A) Job rotation
B) Job enrichment
C) Job evaluation
D) Positive reinforcement

Accepted Answer

Job enrichment involves increasing the complexity of a job to provide a greater sense of responsibility, accomplishment, and achievement. Job rotation involves moving an employee from one job to another to increase their skills and knowledge. Job evaluation is the process of determining a job's worth based on its duties and responsibilities. Positive reinforcement involves rewarding positive behavior to encourage its continuation.

Question 18

Harry,a finance manager of an IT company,devises a new child education benefit plan to partly sponsor the primary education of their employees' children.Within the context of the job characteristics model,this is an example of ________.
A) autonomy
B) task identity
C) skill variety
D) task significance

Accepted Answer

Task significance refers to the impact that a job has on the lives of people within and outside the organization. Harry's plan to sponsor the primary education of their employees' children would have a significant impact on their lives, making it an example of task significance within the job characteristics model. Autonomy refers to the degree of control employees have over their work, task identity refers to the extent to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work, and skill variety refers to the extent to which a job requires different skills and abilities. These factors do not directly apply to Harry's development of the child education benefit plan.

Question 19

Angela is an HR manager at Hard Rock Cafe.She is responsible for recruiting employees and training them,organizing work space for new employees,overseeing employee relations counseling and exit interviews,developing and implementing HR policies and procedures,and reviewing annual performance.This is an example of ________ according to the job characteristics model.
A) task significance
B) skill matrix
C) task identity
D) skill variety

Accepted Answer

Angela's job responsibilities involve a variety of skills such as recruiting, training, organizing, overseeing and developing policies. Therefore, her job involves skill variety according to the job characteristics model.

Question 20

Hackman and Oldham proposed that ________ is the degree to which a job requires the completion of a "whole" and identifiable piece of work.
A) autonomy
B) skill variety
C) task identity
D) task significance

Accepted Answer

Hackman and Oldham proposed that task identity is the degree to which a job requires the completion of a "whole" and identifiable piece of work. Autonomy refers to the degree of independence and discretion a job allows an employee, skill variety refers to the range of tasks and activities involved in the job, and task significance refers to the perceived importance and impact of a job on others.

Quiz 9: Motivation

According to Frederick Herzberg,________ are elements associated with conditions surrounding the job and are not directly related to the doing of a job.

The three basic categories of needs identified by Alderfer in his ERG theory are ________.

________ focuses on core job attributes,critical psychological states,and expected outcomes.

A manager wishes to improve the job performance of a group of clerical workers.Based on Herzberg's theory,________ would be an appropriate motivator.

McClelland,in his acquired needs theory,considered ________ needs to be extremely important.

According to the job characteristics model,________ is defined as the degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the lives of other people.

According to the job characteristics model,________ is defined as the degree to which carrying out the work activities required by the job provides the individual with direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance.

Whereas focus on which variables affect motivation, focus on how the variables affect motivation.

While they agree that satisfaction is a factor in motivation,scholars note that there is little evidence that increasing employee satisfaction actually increases motivation.This has led them to criticize the ________ as being overly simplistic.

________ is a motivation theory proposing that individuals will compare their circumstances to those of others and that such comparisons may motivate certain kinds of behavior.

According to the job characteristics model,________ is the degree to which a job provides substantial freedom,independence,and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and in determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out.

________ is a motivation theory that focuses on the presumed different effects of intrinsic job factors and extrinsic situational factors.

Within the context of the job characteristics model,the event manager,handling all the plans for the annual executive retreat and attending the retreat and receiving information on its success from the participants,is an example of ________.

Within the context of the job characteristics model,a company's intranet linking all the R&D scientists,allowing them to post their ideas and propose solutions at any hour of the day,whether at the office,at home,or on the road,is an example of ________.

McClelland's acquired needs theory asserts that managers who work with high-need achievers typically should ________.

________ involves increasing the complexity of a job to provide a greater sense of responsibility,accomplishment,and achievement.

Harry,a finance manager of an IT company,devises a new child education benefit plan to partly sponsor the primary education of their employees' children.Within the context of the job characteristics model,this is an example of ________.

Hackman and Oldham proposed that ________ is the degree to which a job requires the completion of a "whole" and identifiable piece of work.