Question 1

The nurse is teaching a couple about the pros and cons of genetic testing. Which of the following statements best describes the capabilities of genetic testing?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

The nurse is caring for a couple who is having a triple screen done. The nurse would least likely expect which of the following to be tested?

Accepted Answer

The triple screen test during pregnancy measures three substances in the mother's blood: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and unconjugated estriol. Testosterone is not included in this screening, making it the least likely to be tested.

Question 3

The nurse is caring for 3-day-old girl with Down syndrome whose mother had no prenatal care. Which of the following will be the priority nursing diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

The priority nursing diagnosis for a 3-day-old girl with Down syndrome is "Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements related to the effects of hypotonia." Infants with Down syndrome often have hypotonia (poor muscle tone), which can affect their ability to suck and swallow effectively, leading to challenges with feeding and nutrition early in life.

Question 4

The nurse is assessing a 4-year-old boy whose mother was 40 years old when he was born. Which of the following findings suggests this child has a genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

Low-set ears with lobe creases can be indicative of a genetic disorder, especially in children born to older mothers who have a higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome.

Question 5

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 1-month-old girl with Down syndrome how to maintain good health for the child. Which instruction would the nurse be least likely to include?

Accepted Answer

Children with Down syndrome do not inherently have special dietary needs unless they have a specific associated condition that requires dietary adjustments. The other options (A, C, D) are relevant to the common health concerns in children with Down syndrome, such as the increased risk of cervical spine problems, congenital heart defects, and respiratory infections.

Question 6

The nurse is counseling a couple who suspect that they could bear a child with a genetic abnormality. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to incorporate into the plan of care when working with this family?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is counseling a couple who...

Question 7

The nurse is obtaining the health history for a 15-month-old boy from the parents. The child is not yet speaking. Which finding would be eliminated as a risk factor for a possible genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

The child's gender and race (male and Caucasian) do not inherently increase the risk for a genetic disorder affecting speech development. Other options list factors (family history of hearing impairments, premature birth, and advanced maternal age) that could potentially contribute to developmental delays or disorders.

Question 8

The nurse is caring for a 1-month-old girl with low-set ears and severe hypotonia who was diagnosed with trisomy 18. Which nursing diagnosis would the nurse identify as most likely?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 18, also known as Edwards syndrome, is associated with a poor prognosis, often leading to significant grief for the family.

Question 9

The nurse is caring for a 9-year-old boy with achondroplasia. Which of the following would the nurse expect to assess?

Accepted Answer

Achondroplasia is characterized by features such as a trident hand (a separation between the middle and ring fingers) and a higher risk of persistent otitis media due to anatomical differences in the ear structures.

Question 10

The nurse is teaching a couple about X-linked disorders. They are concerned that they might pass on hemophilia to their children. Which of the following responses indicates the need for further teaching?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is teaching a couple about...

Question 11

When teaching a class about trisomy 21, the instructor would identify this disorder as due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is most commonly caused by nondisjunction, an error in cell division resulting in an embryo with three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two.

Question 12

The nurse is preparing a presentation to a local community group about genetic disorders and the types of congenital anomalies that can occur. Which of the following would the nurse include as a major congenital anomaly?

Accepted Answer

Cleft palate is considered a major congenital anomaly because it involves a significant structural defect that affects the roof of the mouth, leading to feeding, speech, and hearing problems, and often requires surgical intervention for correction.

Question 13

The nurse is caring for a couple who have just learned that their infant has a genetic disorder. Which of the following would be least appropriate for the nurse to do at this time?

Accepted Answer

Teaching the parents about the child's medical needs immediately after they have learned of a genetic disorder may not be appropriate as they may still be processing the emotional impact of the diagnosis. It's important to first address their emotional needs and provide support before moving on to educational aspects.

Question 14

When providing guidance to the parents of a child with Down syndrome, which of the following would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When providing guidance to the parents of...

Question 15

Which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect that a child has Turner syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Turner syndrome is characterized by a set of features including a webbed neck, short stature, and lack of ovarian development. A webbed neck is one of the hallmark physical characteristics that can lead to suspicion of Turner syndrome in a child.

Question 16

When performing a physical examination on a small child, the nurse observes approximately 8 to 10 light-brown spots concentrated primarily on the trunk and extremities, two small lumps on the posterior trunk, and axillary freckling. The nurse interprets these findings to suggest which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The presence of multiple light-brown spots (café-au-lait spots), lumps (neurofibromas), and axillary freckling are classic signs of Neurofibromatosis, specifically Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). These symptoms align with the diagnostic criteria for NF1.

Question 17

After teaching a class about inborn errors of metabolism, the instructor determines that additional teaching is needed when the class identifies which of the following as an example of an inborn error of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Achondroplasia is not an inborn error of metabolism; it is a genetic disorder that affects bone growth leading to dwarfism. In contrast, Galactosemia, Maple syrup urine disease, and Tay-Sachs disease are all examples of inborn errors of metabolism, which involve defects in enzymes necessary for the metabolism of specific substances in the body.

Question 18

When teaching the parents of a child with phenylketonuria, the nurse would instruct them to include which of the following foods in the child's diet?

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder that results in the inability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine. Foods high in protein such as milk, meat, and eggs are rich in phenylalanine and should be avoided or limited in individuals with PKU. Oranges and other fruits are generally low in protein and phenylalanine, making them suitable for inclusion in the diet of someone with PKU.

Question 19

When providing support and education to the family of a child who is diagnosed with a serious genetic abnormality, which of the following would be the highest priority?

Accepted Answer

Establishing a trusting relationship is the highest priority because it forms the foundation for effective communication and support. Trust enables healthcare providers to effectively educate and assist the family in managing the child's condition, making it easier to address other needs such as scheduling visits, teaching about the condition, and promoting growth and development.

Question 20

A group of students are reviewing information about major and minor congenital disorders. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as a minor disorder?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A group of students are reviewing information...

Quiz 49: Nursing Care of the Child With an Alteration in Genetics