Question 1

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who is receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for treatment of HIV. The goal of this therapy is to:

Accepted Answer

HAART is aimed at reducing the viral load to undetectable levels, thereby improving the immune function and survival rates of individuals with HIV.

Question 2

A woman who is HIV-positive is receiving HAART and is having difficulty with compliance. To promote adherence, which of the following areas would be most important to assess initially?

Accepted Answer

Understanding the patient's beliefs and education about her condition and treatment is crucial for addressing any misconceptions and providing tailored education to improve adherence to HAART.

Question 3

When developing a teaching plan for a community group about HIV infection, which group would the nurse identify as an emerging risk group for HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

Heterosexual women have been identified as an emerging risk group for HIV infection due to factors such as unprotected sex, the biological ease of transmission from men to women, and the increasing rate of infection in heterosexual populations.

Question 4

After teaching a group of adolescents about HIV, the nurse asks them to identify the major means by which adolescents are exposed to the virus. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Sexual intercourse is the most common means by which adolescents are exposed to HIV, as it is a primary mode of transmission for the virus among this age group.

Question 5

The nurse reviews the CD4 cell count of a client who is HIV-positive. A result less than which of the following would indicate to the nurse that the client has AIDS?

Accepted Answer

A CD4 cell count less than 200 cells/mm3 in an HIV-positive individual is one of the criteria used to diagnose AIDS, indicating a severely compromised immune system.

Question 6

When obtaining the health history from a client, which factor would lead the nurse to suspect that the client has an increased risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

Accepted Answer

Having multiple sexual partners increases the risk of exposure to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as it raises the likelihood of coming into contact with an infected partner.

Question 7

A client with trichomoniasis is to receive metronidazole (Flagyl). The nurse instructs the client to avoid which of the following while taking this drug?

Accepted Answer

Metronidazole can cause a disulfiram-like reaction when combined with alcohol, leading to nausea, vomiting, flushing, and headache.

Question 8

A woman gives birth to a healthy newborn. As part of the newborn's care, the nurse instills erythromycin ophthalmic ointment as a preventive measure related to which STI?

Accepted Answer

Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment is used in newborns to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum, a serious eye infection that can be caused by exposure to Neisseria gonorrhoeae during delivery.

Question 9

Which findings would the nurse expect to find in a client with bacterial vaginosis?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial vaginosis typically presents with a fish-like odor of the discharge, which is a key symptom distinguishing it from other types of vaginal infections.

Question 10

A pregnant woman diagnosed with syphilis comes to the clinic for a visit. The nurse discusses the risk of transmitting the infection to her newborn, explaining that this infection is transmitted to the newborn through the:

Accepted Answer

Syphilis is a bacterial infection that can be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her unborn child through the placenta. This form of transmission is known as congenital syphilis, where the bacteria Treponema pallidum crosses the placental barrier and infects the fetus.

Question 11

The nurse encourages a female client with human papillomavirus (HPV) to receive continued follow-up care because she is at risk for:

Accepted Answer

HPV is a significant risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. Regular follow-up care is crucial for early detection and management of potential precancerous changes in the cervix.

Question 12

A client is diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). When reviewing the client's medical record, which of the following would the nurse expect to find? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) often presents with symptoms such as dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation), dysuria (painful urination), lower abdominal tenderness, and discomfort with cervical motion. These symptoms are indicative of the inflammation and infection associated with PID. An oral temperature of 100.4 degrees F is not specific to PID, and multiparity is not directly related to the condition.

Question 13

Which instructions would the nurse include when teaching a woman with pediculosis pubis?

Accepted Answer

Pediculosis pubis, also known as pubic lice, is treated by physically removing the lice and their nits (eggs) with a fine-toothed comb. Antibiotics are not effective against lice, hot water is recommended for washing bed linens to kill lice, and sexual partners should also be treated to prevent re-infestation.

Question 14

A client with genital herpes simplex infection asks the nurse, "Will I ever be cured of this infection?" Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Genital herpes simplex infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), and currently, there is no cure for it. However, antiviral medications can help manage symptoms and reduce the frequency of outbreaks. Vaccines and antibiotics like penicillin are not effective against viral infections like HSV, and having the infection once does not confer immunity against future outbreaks.

Question 15

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of women at the clinic who have been diagnosed with genital herpes. Which of the following would the nurse expect to include as a possible precipitating factor for a recurrent outbreak? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Exposure to ultraviolet light, use of corticosteroids, emotional stress, and sexual intercourse are known precipitating factors for recurrent outbreaks of genital herpes. Exercise is not typically associated with triggering outbreaks.

Question 16

After teaching a class on sexually transmitted infections, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the class identifies which statement as true?

Accepted Answer

STIs can affect anyone regardless of age, gender, or sexual orientation if they are exposed to the infectious organism. This is a fundamental concept in understanding the nature of sexually transmitted infections. The other options either overgeneralize or inaccurately represent the realities of STI awareness, diagnosis, and demographic distribution.

Question 17

A group of students are reviewing information about STIs. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as the most common bacterial STI in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States, with significant numbers of reported cases annually.

Question 18

A nurse is assessing a client for possible risk factors for chlamydia and gonorrhea. Which of the following would the nurse identify?

Accepted Answer

Age under 25 years is identified as a risk factor for chlamydia and gonorrhea due to higher rates of sexual activity and potentially riskier sexual behaviors in this age group. Ethnicity, marital status, and consistent use of barrier contraception are not direct risk factors for these sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Question 19

A nurse at a local community clinic is developing a program to address STI prevention. Which of the following would the nurse least likely include in the program?

Accepted Answer

Recommending screening for symptomatic individuals is the least likely to be included because STI prevention programs focus on preventing the transmission of infections, which involves educating individuals on safer sexual practices, promoting the use of barrier methods, and understanding how STIs are transmitted. Screening is typically recommended for both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals as many STIs can be asymptomatic, but this action is more about detection and treatment rather than prevention.

Question 20

After teaching a class on preventing pelvic inflammatory disease, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the class identifies which of the following as an effective method?

Accepted Answer

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is often caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Treating infected sexual partners is crucial to prevent the spread of STIs and subsequent development of PID. This breaks the chain of infection and protects individuals from reinfection.

Quiz 5: Sexually Transmitted Infections