Question 1

Effectiveness is the clinical term for internal validity.

Accepted Answer

Effectiveness is the clinical term for external validity.

Question 2

Because clinical trials focus on studying treatments related to disease states, primary questions focus on patient-based, patient-oriented outcomes.

Accepted Answer

Primary questions focus on patient-based, patient-oriented outcomes.

Question 3

When a study uses no blinding or single blinding, the critical consumer should view this research as having less internal validity than a double-blind study.

Accepted Answer

Internal validity or efficacy is compromised when there is no binding or single binding.

Question 4

Ancillary questions are addressed by the no intervention arm of the trial.

Accepted Answer

Natural history questions are addressed by the no intervention arm of the trial.

Question 5

The placebo arm is the clinical trial arm in which the participants receive a fake treatment or therapy that does not include the key components necessary to make the treatment effective.

Accepted Answer

The sham arm is the clinical trial arm in which the participants receive a fake treatment or therapy that does not include the key components necessary to make the treatment effective.

Question 6

Use of placebos and shams allows you to establish how much of a treatment's effectiveness is caused by simply receiving treatment.

Accepted Answer

Use of placebos and shams allows you to establish how much of a treatment's effectiveness is caused by simply receiving treatment.

Question 7

A disadvantage of simple randomization is that it can create bias.

Accepted Answer

A disadvantage of simple randomization is that it can create bias because the process can produce an imbalance in subject assignment.

Question 8

One of the disadvantages of using stratified randomization is with randomizing individuals based on a specific purpose into groups so that other related factors may also be stratified.

Accepted Answer

One of the disadvantages of using stratified randomization is with randomizing individuals based on a specific purpose into groups so that other related factors may also be stratified.

Question 9

The advantage of using the group allocation design is that the treatment only has to be administered once.

Accepted Answer

The advantage of using the group allocation design is that the treatment only has to be administered once.

Question 10

Population selection is critical to the internal validity of the study.

Accepted Answer

Population selection is critical to the external validity of the study.

Question 11

Intent-to-treat is when a researcher analyzes only those participants who completed the study or only those who complied with the treatment protocol.

Accepted Answer

This is referred to as per protocol analysis, not intent to-treat analysis.

Question 12

Control event rate is the rate in which events occur in the no-treatment arm of the study.

Accepted Answer

Control event rate is the rate in which events occur in the no-treatment arm of the study.

Question 13

The study design where there is a treatment group and a control group composed of participants who were observed at one time by the researchers or for whom data are available through a database is called ________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study design where there is a...

Question 14

The key limitation of this study design is that sometimes the two treatments can interfere with each other or have negative effects for the participants. This study design is called ________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The key limitation of this study design...

Question 15

The study where every participant receives all treatments, and the design is very powerful for testing hypotheses, is called _____________________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study where every participant receives all...

Question 16

The kinds of questions that address the origins, evolutions, and interrelationships of a disease are called ________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The kinds of questions that address the...

Question 17

The kind of study design that is considered a true experimental design is called a _________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The kind of study design that is...

Question 18

The clinical trial arm in which the participants receive the standard clinically effective treatment is called the ________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The clinical trial arm in which the...

Question 19

The term that refers to the process of randomly assigning participants to study groups as they enroll is called ________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term that refers to the process...

Question 20

Studies in which participants are not randomly assigned to a control group or experimental group is called ________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies in which participants are not randomly...

Quiz 6: Clinical Therapeutic Trials

Effectiveness is the clinical term for internal validity.

Because clinical trials focus on studying treatments related to disease states, primary questions focus on patient-based, patient-oriented outcomes.

When a study uses no blinding or single blinding, the critical consumer should view this research as having less internal validity than a double-blind study.

Ancillary questions are addressed by the no intervention arm of the trial.

The placebo arm is the clinical trial arm in which the participants receive a fake treatment or therapy that does not include the key components necessary to make the treatment effective.

Use of placebos and shams allows you to establish how much of a treatment's effectiveness is caused by simply receiving treatment.

A disadvantage of simple randomization is that it can create bias.

One of the disadvantages of using stratified randomization is with randomizing individuals based on a specific purpose into groups so that other related factors may also be stratified.

The advantage of using the group allocation design is that the treatment only has to be administered once.

Population selection is critical to the internal validity of the study.

Intent-to-treat is when a researcher analyzes only those participants who completed the study or only those who complied with the treatment protocol.

Control event rate is the rate in which events occur in the no-treatment arm of the study.

The study design where there is a treatment group and a control group composed of participants who were observed at one time by the researchers or for whom data are available through a database is called ________________________.

The key limitation of this study design is that sometimes the two treatments can interfere with each other or have negative effects for the participants. This study design is called ________________________.

The study where every participant receives all treatments, and the design is very powerful for testing hypotheses, is called _____________________________________.

The kinds of questions that address the origins, evolutions, and interrelationships of a disease are called ________________________.

The kind of study design that is considered a true experimental design is called a _________________________.

The clinical trial arm in which the participants receive the standard clinically effective treatment is called the ________________________.

The term that refers to the process of randomly assigning participants to study groups as they enroll is called ________________________.

Studies in which participants are not randomly assigned to a control group or experimental group is called ________________________.