Question 1

Within the PICO format, which element is optional?

Accepted Answer

In a clinical question, sometimes there may not be alternatives to compare.

Question 2

What is the name of the database of more than 500 scholarly journals focusing on many medical disciplines?

Accepted Answer

Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition is the name of the database of more than 500 scholarly journals focusing on many medical disciplines.

Question 3

Which is NOT a criterion of the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE)?

Accepted Answer

This is a criterion of Turning Research into Practice (TRIP), not DARE.

Question 4

Which kind of validity is clinical relevance associated with?

Accepted Answer

Clinical relevance refers to external validity.

Question 5

What is the name of the database that allows a researcher to identify which later articles cite any particular earlier article, or the articles of any particular author, or which articles are cited most frequently?

Accepted Answer

The Science Citation Index is a database of articles that allows a researcher to identify which later articles cite any particular earlier article, or the articles of any particular author, or which articles are cited most frequently.

Question 6

What is the main problem with using a Boolean search?

Accepted Answer

It is impossible to predict the results when combining Boolean operators.

Question 7

Study validity refers to which of the following two kinds of validity?

Accepted Answer

Study validity refers to both internal validity and construct validity.

Question 8

Which is a clinical question using the PICO format?

Accepted Answer

This question addresses the components of PICO, while the other answers are missing one or more of the components.

Question 9

Which is NOT one of the areas critical to clinical practice that should be assessed when determining your effectiveness in using the evidence-based process?

Accepted Answer

The question should read, "Are you appraising the evidence based on the assessment of validity?"

Question 10

There are two primary reasons you should define patients as specifically as possible. The first reason is that you want to search for research that applies as closely to your patients as possible. What is the second reason?

Accepted Answer

You want to define your patients when you begin searching the literature to narrow it to a manageable size.

Question 11

What are examples of ways to make searches more efficient? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The evidence-based pyramid is not a method for improving the efficiency of searches.

Question 12

What are examples of electronic databases? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The Cochrane Collaboration provides a list of databases and is not a database.

Question 13

When assessing clinical relevance, which of the following questions should be asked? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Option C should read, "Do the results apply to your available treatments?" not to your comparison treatments.

Question 14

What is an efficient way to search for a particular subject? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The Science Citation Index only allows you to search by author or article(s), not subjects.

Question 15

What is true when understanding experimental terminology? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

If there are multiple interventions, then there are more than two levels of the independent variable.

Question 16

What is an example of an outcome measure? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Quality of conducting skinfold measurements is an example of process measures, not outcome measures.

Question 17

Once you have found the best therapy based on the scientific evidence, what should you do next in implementing this therapy into your practice? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Just finding and evaluating the scientific evidence, albeit a critical step, is not evidence-based practice. Once you have established the scientific facts and determined that the known science is applicable to your client, the question arises whether it should be applied to your client.

Question 18

The purpose of the five-step approach is to provide a problem-solving framework to identify the best evidence-based practices.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of the five-step approach is to provide a problem-solving framework for assessing your patient, or population, and to identify the best quality care through the application of evidence.

Question 19

The dependent variable refers to the aspects of a patient's health or fitness that are expected to change in response to an intervention in the clinical question.

Accepted Answer

Dependent variable is another word for outcome, and this is the definition of outcome.

Question 20

When there is an implied alternative within a clinical question, the status quo is the explicit alternative.

Accepted Answer

The opposite is true; when there is not an explicit alternative within a clinical question, the status quo is the implied alternative.

Quiz 2: Answering a Clinically Relevant Question