Question 1

Individual Differences
-Frank is a high school student. In class, he prefers group work. He often asks a friend to study or complete homework with him, even when he is familiar with the assigned work. What learning style does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Frank has an interpersonal learning style. Interpersonal learners tend to prefer working with others for learning, even when they have the knowledge and skills to solve problems or complete projects alone. People with this learning style often excel in group projects and team-oriented activities.

Question 2

Individual Differences
-Hannah is a college student. She gets irritated when her professors assign group work. She prefers to complete projects and solve problems alone, even when other people can offer help. What learning style does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Hannah has an intrapersonal learning style. Intrapersonal learners tend to prefer learning and working alone. People with this learning style often have success working on independent projects.

Question 3

Individual Differences
-In the early 1800's, Francis Galton asserted that the British social elite were more intelligent than the working class and poor. He postulated that "eminence" ran in families. What theory of intelligence does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Francis Galton believed that intelligence is inherited. His evidence was that "eminence" ran in families. To Galton, this meant that only biology, not privilege, influenced intelligence. Although many of Galton's ideas are outmoded today, his belief that high intelligence scores predict success in school and work continues to be the norm today.

Question 4

Individual Differences
-Ira is highly adaptable. He usually succeeds in new, unfamiliar situations. Ira never went to college, but most people he meets are impressed with his intelligence and tell him that he could have been anything he wanted had he continued his education. What type of intelligence does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence is the ability to deal effectively with novel situations through problem solving. This differs from crystallized intelligence, which is the ability to acquire knowledge, often through books and education. Although many people can have a stronger fluid intelligence than crystallized intelligence, or vice versa, both types of intelligence often work together.

Question 5

Individual Differences
-Rachel is a great student. Her friends often describe her as "book smart." Although Rachel did well in high school and college, she often has problems in new situations. Recently, she locked her keys in her car and had no idea what to do. What type of intelligence does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence is the ability to acquire knowledge, often through books and education. This differs from fluid intelligence, which is the ability to deal effectively with novel situations through problem solving. Although many people can have a stronger fluid intelligence than crystallized intelligence, or vice versa, both types of intelligence often work together.

Question 6

Individual Differences
-Abbey is a great sculptor and can imagine objects and places in her mind. According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, which intelligence does this describe?

Accepted Answer

According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, Abbey has a strong spatial intelligence. Individuals with spatial intelligence have the capacity to perceive the visual-spatial world accurately and to perform transformations of their initial perceptions. In this example, Abbey's intelligence is manifested through her sculpting talent. Critics of Gardner's theory assert that these multiple intelligences are actually talents or learning styles rather than true intelligence.

Question 7

Individual Differences
-Bryce is a composer. He loves to write and perform music. Although he prefers to play piano, he is proficient in several instruments and does not need lessons to learn a new instrument. According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, which intelligence does this describe?

Accepted Answer

According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, Bryce has a strong musical intelligence. Individuals with musical intelligence have the ability to create and enjoy music. In this example, Bryce's intelligence is manifested through his talent as a composer. Critics of Gardner's theory assert that these multiple intelligences are actually talents or learning styles rather than true intelligence

Question 8

Individual Differences
-Corinna is studying to be a journalist. She is sensitive to the sounds and meanings of words and is most comfortable talking to people with a strong command of the language. According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, which intelligence does this describe?

Accepted Answer

According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, Corinna has a strong linguistic intelligence. Individuals with linguistic intelligence are sensitive to the sounds, rhythms, and meanings of words. Corinna's intelligence is manifested through her talent as a writer. Critics of Gardner's theory assert that these multiple intelligences are actually talents or learning styles rather than true intelligence.

Question 9

Individual Differences
-Dave is a construction worker. He can move his body skillfully and learn new tools and techniques for his job. According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, which intelligence does this describe?

Accepted Answer

According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, Dave has a strong kinesthetic intelligence. Individuals with kinesthetic intelligence are able to control body movements and to handle objects skillfully. Dave's intelligence is manifested through his talent as a construction worker.

Question 10

Individual Differences
-Erik is a software developer. In his career, he uses systems, reasoning and logic. He is very good at solving puzzles and riddles. According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, which intelligence does this describe?

Accepted Answer

According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, Erik has a strong mathematical intelligence. Individuals with mathematical intelligence have sensitivity to, and the ability to discern, logical or numerical patterns and the ability to handle long chains of reasoning. Erik's intelligence is manifested through his talent as a software developer.

Question 11

Individual Differences
-Frank wants to be a therapist. His friends talk to him about their problems because he consistently senses their moods and responds appropriately. According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, which intelligence does this describe?

Accepted Answer

According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, Frank has a strong interpersonal intelligence. Individuals with interpersonal intelligence easily discern and respond appropriately to the moods, temperaments, motivations, and desires of other people. Frank's intelligence is manifested through the sensitive and intuitive way he interacts with his friends.

Question 12

Individual Differences
-Hannah is a college student studying philosophy and theology. She is introspective and has a strong sense of her strengths and weaknesses. According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, which intelligence does this describe?

Accepted Answer

According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, Hannah has a strong intrapersonal intelligence. Individuals with intrapersonal intelligence are in touch with their own feelings and have the ability to discriminate among them and draw upon them to guide behavior. Individuals with intrapersonal intelligence also have knowledge of their strengths, weaknesses, and desires.

Question 13

Individual Differences
-Karen has a degree in botany. She loves plants and lives on a big property so she can keep animals, too. She prefers herbal remedies to Western medications. According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, which intelligence does this describe?

Accepted Answer

According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, Karen has a strong naturalist intelligence. Individuals with naturalist intelligence distinguish among, classify, and use features of natural and artificial environments. Furthermore, they often excel in jobs that involve outdoor activities and tasks.

Question 14

Individual Differences
-Frank wants to be a therapist. His friends talk to him about their problems because he consistently senses their moods and responds appropriately. According to social intelligence theory, which intelligence does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Frank has a strong emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is the ability to "read" and respond to the emotions of other people, as well as the ability to understand one's own emotions. Frank's emotional intelligence manifests in his ability to provide emotional support for his friends.

Question 15

Individual Differences
-Twin and sibling studies have found that twins and siblings often have very similar IQ scores, even when raised in different homes. Which component of intelligence does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Heritability can account for about half of an individual's intelligence. Determining the role of heritability in the intelligence of family members is challenging, as they often live together and are exposed to similar environments. The best way to study genetic influence is to study twins and siblings who were adopted by and raised in separate families. Adoption studies have found a high correlation between the intelligence of twins and siblings.

Question 16

Individual Differences
-Katie comes from a poor family. She eats fast food for most meals and her home is usually full of packaged junk food. Katie's teacher is concerned after Katie scores far below average on an IQ test. What factor could contribute to Katie's low intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Nutrition and toxins are an important factor in intelligence worldwide. Impoverished individuals who do not have access to adequate food, as well as people with habitually poor nutrition, score lower on standardized tests than individuals who enjoy healthy diets. Prenatal toxins such as alcohol and lead can also have negative effects on intelligence.

Question 17

Individual Differences
-Louisa comes from a happy, middle class home. Adults in her life talk to her and take interest in her. She is involved in sports and extracurricular classes. Her parents take her on vacation every year and are always available to help her with homework. Louisa performs very well in school and has a high IQ. Which factor most contributes to Louisa's intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Family experience is an important factor in intelligence. Early childhood exposure to books and educational toys, opportunities to visit new people and places, and the ability to talk to adults are correlated with higher intelligence. This factor is difficult to separate from heritability because family members often share the family experience and privileges.

Question 18

Individual Differences
-Kelley teaches 5th grade at a public school. She has students at several levels of reading ability. To make sure each student is appropriately challenged, she divides her class into three reading groups every Tuesday. Each group has a different book and related assignments based on their reading level. What is this called?

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Kelly's technique is called ability grouping. Ability grouping refers to grouping students of similar academic performance together. Ability groups are typically short-term and limited to a specific subject. Ability grouping is different from ability tracking, which is typically a permanent placement based on achievement.

Question 19

Individual Differences
-Margaret is a special education teacher training her new teaching assistants. Margaret says, "When you speak about children with disabilities, remember the child first. For example, we say child with autism, not autistic child." Which term describes Margaret's approach to children with disabilities?

Accepted Answer

Margaret's approach is called "people first" language. "People first" language is a method of ensuring that people with disabilities are treated with respect. This type of language emphasizes that the individual being discussed is a person first and their disability is secondary.

Question 20

Individual Differences
-Larry is in 5th grade and is really struggling in school. He has above average intelligence, but he gets in fights and has trouble making and keeping friends. He was recently suspended from school. He feels his teacher does not like him and singles him out for discipline. He often goes to the nurse's office complaining of stomach pains. Which disorder does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Emotional and behavioral disorders are characterized by an inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual or health factors. Children with emotional and behavioral disorders have trouble building and maintaining relationships with peers and teachers. They behave poorly and are generally unhappy. Children with emotional and behavioral disorders often complain of frequent physical ailments during times of trouble at home or school.

Quiz 3: CLEP: Educational Psychology

Individual Differences -Frank is a high school student. In class, he prefers group work. He often asks a friend to study or complete homework with him, even when he is familiar with the assigned work. What learning style does this describe?

Individual Differences -Hannah is a college student. She gets irritated when her professors assign group work. She prefers to complete projects and solve problems alone, even when other people can offer help. What learning style does this describe?

Individual Differences -In the early 1800's, Francis Galton asserted that the British social elite were more intelligent than the working class and poor. He postulated that "eminence" ran in families. What theory of intelligence does this describe?

Individual Differences -Abbey is a great sculptor and can imagine objects and places in her mind. According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, which intelligence does this describe?

Individual Differences -Corinna is studying to be a journalist. She is sensitive to the sounds and meanings of words and is most comfortable talking to people with a strong command of the language. According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, which intelligence does this describe?

Individual Differences -Dave is a construction worker. He can move his body skillfully and learn new tools and techniques for his job. According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, which intelligence does this describe?

Individual Differences -Erik is a software developer. In his career, he uses systems, reasoning and logic. He is very good at solving puzzles and riddles. According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, which intelligence does this describe?

Individual Differences -Frank wants to be a therapist. His friends talk to him about their problems because he consistently senses their moods and responds appropriately. According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, which intelligence does this describe?

Individual Differences -Hannah is a college student studying philosophy and theology. She is introspective and has a strong sense of her strengths and weaknesses. According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, which intelligence does this describe?

Individual Differences -Karen has a degree in botany. She loves plants and lives on a big property so she can keep animals, too. She prefers herbal remedies to Western medications. According to Gardner's multiple intelligence theory, which intelligence does this describe?

Individual Differences -Frank wants to be a therapist. His friends talk to him about their problems because he consistently senses their moods and responds appropriately. According to social intelligence theory, which intelligence does this describe?

Individual Differences -Twin and sibling studies have found that twins and siblings often have very similar IQ scores, even when raised in different homes. Which component of intelligence does this describe?

Individual Differences -Katie comes from a poor family. She eats fast food for most meals and her home is usually full of packaged junk food. Katie's teacher is concerned after Katie scores far below average on an IQ test. What factor could contribute to Katie's low intelligence?