Question 1

Testing
-Munoz is a school psychologist. When a student is suspected of having a learning disability, Dr. Munoz observes the child in the classroom, conducts an interview, and administers intelligence tests. Under which context does Dr. Munoz use testing?

Accepted Answer

Educational testing is used to help a person with academic achievement issues. by identifying the nature and severity of their problem. Educational testing typically identifies problems such as learning disabilities or attention difficulties.

Question 2

Testing
-Jack is a psychology intern. He is administering an intelligence test to Tianyi, a Chinese immigrant who has only been in the United States for a month. Tianyi scores far below average, even though he was able to attain an education, maintain a job, and raise a family in China. Jack diagnoses him as mentally impaired. What aspect of testing should be considered?

Accepted Answer

Cultural differences are an important consideration in all standardized tests. Culture refers to the pattern of beliefs and behaviors within a particular group. Language and standards of evaluation are both important aspects of culture that may have contributed to Tianyi's low test scores. If he could not understand what Jack was asking of him, he would be unable to complete the test in the same way he would in the context of his own culture.

Question 3

Testing
-Jessica is an accountant who believes her eight-year old son is gifted. She buys an intelligence test from the Internet. As she suspected, the test results show that her son's intelligence is in the 98th percentile among children his age. What aspect of testing should be considered?

Accepted Answer

Administrator qualifications should be considered. Almost all tests have requirements for who can administer the test and interpret the results. In this example, Jessica's background as an accountant does not qualify her to administer an intelligence test or score and interpret the results. Additionally, Jessica may show bias towards her child, which could also influence his results.

Question 4

Testing
-Anderson works at for the veteran affairs department of a hospital. She assesses a veteran who was injured during a war. The veteran's hearing was greatly impaired and paralysis of one side of his face makes it difficult for him to talk. As a result, his test scores are very low. Which aspect of testing should be considered?

Accepted Answer

Physical and mental disabilities must be considered when administering and scoring standardized tests. In this example, the veteran's hearing loss may make him less likely than other patients to hear and understand test questions. Additionally, his facial paralysis may make it difficult for him to communicate answers in a way that Dr. Anderson can understand.

Question 5

Testing
-Rogers is a psychologist specializing in personality testing. Before beginning a test battery on his patient, Mrs. Brown, he explains the nature of the tests, how the test data will be used, and to whom the data will be released. Mrs. Brown signs a form confirming that she understands. Which right of test takers does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent refers to a test taker's right to know why he or she is being evaluated, how the test will be used, and who, if anyone, will have access to the test results. Test takers must sign an informed consent form before testing. In situations where consent cannot be obtained from the individual being tested, consent may be given by a parent or legal representative.

Question 6

Testing
-Rogers is a psychologist specializing in personality testing. After completing a test battery on his patient, Mrs. Brown, he provides her with a report explaining the test results. Which right of test takers does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Test takers have the right to be informed, in language they understand, of test findings. They must also be provided with implications of the findings, such as any consequences or recommendations. After the results are given to the test taker, a qualified person should be available to answer any questions.

Question 7

Testing
-Rogers is a psychologist specializing in personality testing. After completing a test battery on his patient, Mrs. Brown, Mrs. Brown's son calls and asks for test results. Dr. Rogers explains that he cannot share test results without Mrs. Brown's written permission. Which right of test takers does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Test takers have the right to privacy and confidentiality, which means test details and results cannot be shared without their permission. Some limits to confidentiality may exist and vary depending on the circumstances of the test. In these circumstances, the test taker must be notified prior to taking the test and giving informed consent.

Question 8

Testing
-Rogers is a psychologist specializing in personality testing. After completing a test battery on his patient, Mrs. Brown, he must write a report explaining the results and diagnosis. Dr. Rogers uses professional language and clinical terms when describing Mrs. Brown's diagnosis. Which test taker right does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Test takers have the right to the least stigmatizing label. In generations past, clinicians were permitted to use terms such as "moron" and "feeble-minded" when describing patients. Today, the dignity of patients is preserved in part by ensuring that clinicians use the least stigmatizing labels for all conditions and individuals.

Question 9

Testing
-Cathy is seven years old. At her annual checkup, her doctor says her height is in the 50th percentile among children her age. What type of norm does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Age norms, also called age-equivalent scores, indicate the average score of test takers at different chronological ages. In this example, Cathy's height will grow as she ages but her age equivalent score may or may not change. Age norms that refer to physical characteristics, such as height and weight, are largely non-controversial. However, age norms that measure psychological attributes such as intelligence are used less frequently now than in the past.

Question 10

Testing
-Cathy is seven years old and in the 3rd grade. She takes a standardized test at school and her parents are told that her score places her at age grade 4.2. What type of norm does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Grade norms are designed to indicate average test performance of students in a particular grade or over a range of grades. Grade norms are widely used to assess academic performance among children. Unlike age norms, grade norms allow for some developmental differences among children in the same grade. Grade norms are typically presented as the school year and month in which the student is placed. In this example, Cathy's score indicates her performance is equivalent to that of a typical student in the second month of 4th grade.

Question 11

Testing
-John works for a government agency. He is conducting research to find the average income of American families. What type of norm does this describe?

Accepted Answer

National norms consider a nationally normative sample. National norms must be derived from a large enough sample that includes data representative of all variables of a population including race, religion, age, and location. In this example, the average income of a retired couple in Arkansas is likely very different than that of a young family in Los Angeles.

Question 12

Testing
-John works for a government agency. He is conducting research to find the average income among Asian women ages 30-50 working in San Francisco. What type of norm does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Subgroup norms represent the norms for a segmented population. Normative samples can include specific ages, races, religions, levels of education, political affiliations or any other demographic variable. In this example, John's subgroup may have a very different income than people with different demographic variables.

Question 13

Testing
-Gretchen is interested in the correlation between socioeconomic status and test performance among children in elementary school. Instead of conducting a new study, she gathers information from 12 studies already done on the subject and bases her findings on the results of all the studies. What is this called?

Accepted Answer

Meta-analysis refers to the analysis of data collected from several studies. Oftentimes, this allows for the best estimate of correlation between two factors, such as socioeconomic status and test performance. Meta-analysis allows researchers to look at the results of several studies, providing a broader view of results than can be provided by a single study.

Question 14

Testing
-During the early 1900s, a large disparity was found between the IQ scores of whites and African Americans. Several studies found that on average, African Americans scored about 15 IQ points lower than whites. What concept does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of test bias. Test bias occurs when a member of one group consistently scores higher on a standardized test than members of another group. In this example, white Americans scored higher on intelligence tests than their African American peers. The test was culturally biased in a way that favored whites. Once it was found that test bias occurs, steps were taken to prevent it in current and future tests.

Question 15

Testing
-After a study, Annie gathers her information and writes a report explaining her findings. She only writes about what was found and does not make any inferences or predictions based on the information. What type of analysis does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Descriptive statistics is an analysis of data that describes or summarizes data found in a study. Descriptive statistics are very important for understanding results, but do not make predictions about other applications of the findings. In this example, Annie explains the findings of her studies but she does not apply her findings to other situations.

Question 16

Testing
-Espinoza is running a clinical trial to determine if a new drug can reduce depressive symptoms in depressed patients. Before beginning the test, Dr. Espinoza must rent an office, pay a staff, obtain licensing, and buy insurance. What type of test utility does this concern?

Accepted Answer

Cost is major consideration in evaluating test utility. Test utility refers to whether or not a test is useful and has practical value. In this example, Dr. Espinoza is responsible for determining if the cost of the test is worth the outcome of the test, given the test's budget.

Question 17

Testing
-Sonya' and David each get a fortune cookie after their dinner. Sonya's fortune says "You have a great need for others to like and admire you." David's fortune says "You are an independent thinker and do not follow others easily." Both Sonya and David agree that their fortunes describe them accurately. Which tendency explains this?

Accepted Answer

The Barnum effect is the common belief among individuals that vague personality descriptions accurately describe them. In this example, both Sonya and David's fortunes could be applied to any number of individuals. The characteristics describes are vague traits shared by most people. The Barnum effect is commonly used in fortunes, magazine personality quizzes, and horoscopes. Such vague descriptions should be avoided in standardized tests.

Question 18

Testing
-Angela is taking an intelligence test. The particular test that she is taking requires that she answer four consecutive questions correctly before moving on to the next level. What is this called?

Accepted Answer

This requirement is called a basal level. A basal level is a stage in a test achieved by the test taker by meeting criteria that allow them to continue testing. Typically, a basal level is met by answering a preset number of questions correctly, setting a base for the test taker's level of ability.

Question 19

Testing
-Angela is taking an intelligence test. After struggling to answer several questions, the test administrator says "Thank you, let's move on to the next section." What is this stage of the test taking procedure called?

Accepted Answer

This stage is called the ceiling level. The ceiling level is a stage in a test achieved by the test taker by meeting criteria that allow them to discontinue testing. Typically, a ceiling level is met by answering a preset number of questions incorrectly. This prevents a test taker from answering a large number of questions incorrectly, which takes time and could discourage the test taker.

Question 20

Educational Psychology
-Which of the following is a behavior?

Accepted Answer

A behavior is typically defined as anything measurable, observable and manipulable that a person says or does. An individual's eye color is not related to anything they say or do and is not manipulable. Earning an A in a class is the result of a behavior, such as studying. Therefore, throwing a baseball is the only correct answer.

Quiz 3: CLEP: Educational Psychology

Testing -Munoz is a school psychologist. When a student is suspected of having a learning disability, Dr. Munoz observes the child in the classroom, conducts an interview, and administers intelligence tests. Under which context does Dr. Munoz use testing?

Testing -Jessica is an accountant who believes her eight-year old son is gifted. She buys an intelligence test from the Internet. As she suspected, the test results show that her son's intelligence is in the 98th percentile among children his age. What aspect of testing should be considered?

Testing -Rogers is a psychologist specializing in personality testing. After completing a test battery on his patient, Mrs. Brown, he provides her with a report explaining the test results. Which right of test takers does this describe?

Testing -Cathy is seven years old. At her annual checkup, her doctor says her height is in the 50th percentile among children her age. What type of norm does this describe?

Testing -Cathy is seven years old and in the 3rd grade. She takes a standardized test at school and her parents are told that her score places her at age grade 4.2. What type of norm does this describe?

Testing -John works for a government agency. He is conducting research to find the average income of American families. What type of norm does this describe?

Testing -John works for a government agency. He is conducting research to find the average income among Asian women ages 30-50 working in San Francisco. What type of norm does this describe?

Testing -During the early 1900s, a large disparity was found between the IQ scores of whites and African Americans. Several studies found that on average, African Americans scored about 15 IQ points lower than whites. What concept does this illustrate?

Testing -After a study, Annie gathers her information and writes a report explaining her findings. She only writes about what was found and does not make any inferences or predictions based on the information. What type of analysis does this describe?

Testing -Espinoza is running a clinical trial to determine if a new drug can reduce depressive symptoms in depressed patients. Before beginning the test, Dr. Espinoza must rent an office, pay a staff, obtain licensing, and buy insurance. What type of test utility does this concern?

Testing -Angela is taking an intelligence test. The particular test that she is taking requires that she answer four consecutive questions correctly before moving on to the next level. What is this called?

Testing -Angela is taking an intelligence test. After struggling to answer several questions, the test administrator says "Thank you, let's move on to the next section." What is this stage of the test taking procedure called?

Educational Psychology -Which of the following is a behavior?