Question 1

To motivate means
A) to be moved to do something.
B) to want to do something.
C) to be able to do something.
D) to know how to do something.

Accepted Answer

Motivation refers to the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. It is the driving force within individuals that propels them to take action. Therefore, to motivate someone means to move them to do something, which is the essence of choice A.

Question 2

Motive is to incentive as
A) pull is to push.
B) push is to pull.
C) the future is to the present.
D) good grades are to valuing grades.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

Motive is to incentive as
A) hunger is to thirst.
B) food is to water.
C) hunger is to food.
D) food is to hunger.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

__________ are the focus of a person's motivation while __________ serve as assists in that motivation.
A) incentives…..goals
B) needs…..incentives
C) needs…..goals
D) goals…..incentives

Accepted Answer

Goals are the focus of a person's motivation, acting as the end point they aim to achieve. Incentives, on the other hand, serve as assists or motivators that encourage a person to reach those goals.

Question 5

What is the function or aim of an emotion? The aim is to
A) motivate behavior that aids in coping with environmental demands.
B) arouse activity in several behavioral channels.
C) produce an inner subjective feeling.
D) express your emotion facially to other individuals.

Accepted Answer

The function or aim of an emotion is to motivate behavior that aids in coping with environmental demands. This can include actions such as seeking comfort when feeling sad or angry, or taking action to protect oneself when feeling afraid. Emotions serve an adaptive purpose in helping individuals respond to their environment in a way that promotes survival and well-being.

Question 6

In emotion, what does affect refer to? Affect refers to
A) physiological arousal
B) subjective feelings
C) facial expressions
D) tendency to act

Accepted Answer

Affect refers to the subjective feelings or emotions experienced by an individual. Physiological arousal (A), facial expressions (C), and tendency to act (D) are related aspects of emotion, but not specifically what is referred to as affect.

Question 7

What is the relationship between emotion and motivation?
A) Emotions have no motivating function.
B) Emotions provide knowledge about a person's immediate environment.
C) Emotions serve as motives to satisfy the aim of the emotion.
D) Emotion are a way of energizing and activating an individual's behavior, but without purpose

Accepted Answer

Emotions serve as motives to satisfy the aim of the emotion. Motivation is the drive to engage in a particular behavior. Emotions can serve as sources of motivation, as they direct behavior toward achieving a particular goal or fulfilling a desire. Specifically, emotions often motivate individuals to act in ways that will satisfy the aim of the emotion, for example, feeling happy might motivate individuals to seek out social connections or engage in activities that bring joy.

Question 8

What is the purpose of a psychology of motivation? The purpose is to explain why
A) motivation seems to vary within a person at different times,e.g., hungry or not
B) motivation varies among people at the same time,e.g., men usually eat more than women
C) people want stuff and lots of it
D) answers a and b: What is motivating varies within a person and varies among people

Accepted Answer

The purpose of a psychology of motivation is to explain why motivation varies within a person at different times (such as being hungry or not) and also why it varies among people (such as men usually eating more than women). Therefore, both options A and B are correct, making D the best answer. Option C is too general and not specific enough to accurately describe the purpose of a psychology of motivation.

Question 9

Most students prefer a grade of A in a course compared to a grade of B. This preference reflects what concept?
A) the value of an incentive
B) the strength of a motive
C) push motivation
D) the emotion of pride when earning a grade of A

Accepted Answer

The preference for a grade of A reflects the value of an incentive, as it is seen as a better reward or goal than a grade of B.

Question 10

How do drives and psychological needs motivate behavior? Drives and psychological needs
A) agitate a person into action.
B) motivated behaviors that reduce the unpleasantness of the drives and needs.
C) activate environmental stimuli associated with the drives and needs.
D) suppress or inhibit behaviors that satisfy drives and needs.

Accepted Answer

Drives and psychological needs create a state of discomfort or tension that motivates individuals to engage in behaviors that will reduce the unpleasantness of the drive or satisfy the need. It is the reduction of the drive or fulfillment of the need that serves as the primary motivator for behavior, not the agitation itself. Environmental stimuli associated with the drive or need may serve as cues for behavior, but they do not drive the behavior directly. Suppressing or inhibiting behaviors that satisfy drives and needs would not be consistent with the goal of reducing the unpleasantness of drives and needs.

Question 11

The valence of an incentive or valence of a goal refers to
A) the positive quality of an incentive or goal
B) the negative quality of an incentive or goal
C) either the positive or negative quality of an incentive or goal
D) how far in the future an incentive or goal becomes available

Accepted Answer

The valence of an incentive or goal refers to the degree of attractiveness or aversiveness of the incentive or goal, which can be positive or negative depending on the individual's perception and motivation. Therefore, both the positive and negative qualities of the incentive or goal are included in its valence.

Question 12

What does Jeremy Bentham's principle of utility refer to?
A) All human motives originate in the unconscious.
B) Motivation originated in our evolutionary past.
C) Behavior is based on doing what is right.
D) The ability of things to affect happiness determine human behavior

Accepted Answer

Jeremy Bentham's principle of utility refers to the ability of things to affect happiness and pleasure, and ultimately determine human behavior. This concept is also known as the greatest happiness principle, which suggests that actions are right if they promote happiness or pleasure, and wrong if they promote pain or unhappiness. Bentham believed that decisions and actions should be based on a calculation of their potential to bring the greatest amount of happiness to the greatest number of people.

Question 13

What is the implication of motivation as anticipation of the future?
A) People behave in order to bring about desired consequences.
B) A person's anticipation of the future cannot motivate behavior in the present.
C) Anticipation is the emotion that occurs when the future becomes the present.
D) People's prior experiences motivate their current behavior.

Accepted Answer

Motivation as anticipation of the future suggests that people behave in a certain way because they anticipate a specific outcome or consequence in the future. This means that the behavior of individuals is motivated by their desire to achieve specific goals, which they believe will bring about a desired result in the future. Therefore, option A is the correct choice. Option B is incorrect because anticipation of the future can motivate behavior in the present. Option C is incorrect because anticipation is not an emotion but a cognitive process. Option D is incorrect because while prior experiences can influence behavior, motivation is specifically related to future outcomes.

Question 14

During the anticipatory response mechanism, individuals
A) imagine achieving a goal
B) exhibit a portion or segment of actual consummatory behavior
C) affectively forecast their end-state experience
D) are experiencing an emotion

Accepted Answer

During the anticipatory response mechanism, individuals exhibit a portion or segment of actual consummatory behavior as a preparatory action before the full behavior is executed.

Question 15

What does simulation refer to in regards to motivation?
A) That a goal pushes a person into action
B) That a person experiences a fraction of actual consummatory behavior
C) That a person visualizes, mentally interacts with, and imagines the end-state of motivation
D) That a person becomes energized to engage in instrumental behavior

Accepted Answer

Simulation in regards to motivation refers to a person's ability to visualize, mentally interact with, and imagine the end-state of their motivation. This can increase their desire to achieve their goal and can help them plan and prepare to take action towards it.

Question 16

During affective forecasting, a person is
A) trying to determine how to achieve a goal.
B) trying to decide what goal to pursue.
C) experiencing an emotion.
D) trying to predict his/her future feelings.

Accepted Answer

Affective forecasting refers to the process of predicting how one will feel in the future. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Question 17

According to the Greek philosophers Democritus and Epicurus, hedonism means
A) that in the long run, try to have the amount of pleasure exceed the amount of pain.
B) that in the short run, try to have the amount of pleasure exceed the amount of pain.
C) to live life to the fullest each day, as if there is no tomorrow.
D) to be unwilling to endure a hardship that is necessary for accomplishing a goal.

Accepted Answer

Hedonism, as articulated by Democritus and Epicurus, emphasizes the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain as the primary or most important goals of human life. They believed in a more calculated approach to pleasure, suggesting that one should aim for a life where pleasure outweighs pain in the long run, rather than seeking immediate gratification without considering future consequences.

Question 18

Occasionally you visualize yourself walking across the stage and receiving your university diploma. This visual image helps keep you motivated to attend classes, study, and complete your assignments. This visual imagery is an example of
A) anticipatory response mechanism
B) cognitive motivation
C) affective forecasting
D) emotional thinking

Accepted Answer

Cognitive motivation involves the use of mental processes such as thinking, expecting, and imagining to stimulate and sustain actions toward achieving a goal. Visualizing success, like receiving a diploma, is a mental strategy to maintain focus and motivation towards academic goals.

Question 19

Consummatory behavior refers to
A) eating a food reward.
B) working to attain a food reward.
C) behavior that completes a motivational sequence.
D) choosing which motive to satisfy.

Accepted Answer

Consummatory behavior refers to behavior that completes a motivational sequence, meaning it is the final act in a series of behaviors aimed at satisfying a particular motive (such as eating to satisfy hunger or drinking to satisfy thirst). A and B are not completely accurate, as they only refer to specific examples of consummatory behavior rather than the broader concept itself. D is incorrect, as consummatory behavior is not related to choosing which motive to satisfy, but rather completing the actions necessary to satisfy a specific motive.

Question 20

What steps, in the correct order, are involved in motivation as a journey?
A) instrumental behavior, consummatory behavior, choice of motive or incentive
B) consummatory behavior, instrumental behavior, choice of motive or incentive
C) affective forecasting, anticipatory behavior, cognitive motivation
D) choice of motive or incentive, instrumental behavior, consummatory behavior

Accepted Answer

The correct order of steps involved in motivation as a journey is first choosing a motive or incentive, then engaging in instrumental behavior to achieve the motive, and finally engaging in consummatory behavior to satisfy the motive. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Motivation and Emotion

To motivate means

Motive is to incentive as

Motive is to incentive as

are the focus of a person's motivation while serve as assists in that motivation.

What is the function or aim of an emotion? The aim is to

In emotion, what does affect refer to? Affect refers to

What is the relationship between emotion and motivation?

What is the purpose of a psychology of motivation? The purpose is to explain why

Most students prefer a grade of A in a course compared to a grade of B. This preference reflects what concept?

How do drives and psychological needs motivate behavior? Drives and psychological needs

The valence of an incentive or valence of a goal refers to

What does Jeremy Bentham's principle of utility refer to?

What is the implication of motivation as anticipation of the future?

During the anticipatory response mechanism, individuals

What does simulation refer to in regards to motivation?

During affective forecasting, a person is

According to the Greek philosophers Democritus and Epicurus, hedonism means

Occasionally you visualize yourself walking across the stage and receiving your university diploma. This visual image helps keep you motivated to attend classes, study, and complete your assignments. This visual imagery is an example of

Consummatory behavior refers to

What steps, in the correct order, are involved in motivation as a journey?