Question 1

In negative feedback systems, what is the function or purpose of motivated behavior? The function or purpose is
A) to decrease the discrepancy between the set point and actual state.
B) to increase the discrepancy between the set point and actual state.
C) to decrease homeostasis.
D) to decrease the effects of alliesthesia.

Accepted Answer

Motivated behavior in negative feedback systems serves the function of decreasing the discrepancy between the set point (the desired or optimal state) and the actual state (the current state of the system). This leads to a restoration of homeostasis and a return of the system to a state of equilibrium. Examples of motivated behaviors in this context include drinking when thirsty, eating when hungry, or seeking warmth when cold. All of these behaviors serve to reduce the discrepancy between the set point and the actual state, ultimately bringing the system back into balance. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the function or purpose of motivated behavior in negative feedback systems.

Question 2

What does the negative feedback system accomplish?
A) The system keeps the body off or away from homeostasis.
B) The system helps the body maintain homeostasis.
C) The system maintains the existence of a physiological need.
D) The system prevents motivated behavior.

Accepted Answer

The negative feedback system helps the body maintain homeostasis by producing a response that opposes or reverses the initial change in order to return the body to its set point.

Question 3

Homeostasis means
A) changing behavior.
B) constant behavior.
C) constant internal environment.
D) changing internal environment.

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of a constant internal environment, such as body temperature, pH levels, and blood glucose levels. This helps organisms to function properly in different environmental conditions.

Question 4

Allostasis refers to maintaining a stable internal environment by
A) maintaining a variable milieu interieur
B) maintaining constant behavior
C) maintaining internal set points at very constant rigid settings
D) altering set points to anticipate future environmental demands

Accepted Answer

Allostasis involves altering set points to anticipate future environmental demands, rather than maintaining internal parameters at strict and unchanging levels. This flexibility allows the body to respond to changing conditions in a dynamic and adaptive way. Choice A is incorrect because maintaining a variable internal environment would not necessarily be considered stable. Choice B is incorrect because constant behavior is not the same as maintaining a stable internal environment. Choice C is incorrect because maintaining internal set points at very constant and rigid settings would not allow for the necessary adjustments in response to changing demands.

Question 5

Assume a discrepancy exists between the actual state and the set point in a negative feedback system. The aim of behavior in regard to this discrepancy is to
A) decrease the discrepancy only.
B) alter the discrepancy by either increasing or decreasing it.
C) increase the discrepancy only.
D) keep the discrepancy constant.

Accepted Answer

The aim of negative feedback is to decrease the discrepancy between the actual state and set point. Therefore, the behavior should aim to reduce the discrepancy only.

Question 6

What statement defines a physiological need? A physiological need is
A) a difference in the body's level of alliesthesia.
B) the discrepancy between a physiological set point and the actual physiological state.
C) lack of discrepancy between a physiological set point and the actual physiological state.
D) a stable milieu interieur.

Accepted Answer

A physiological need arises from the discrepancy between a physiological set point (the ideal level or condition) and the actual physiological state of the body. This discrepancy signals the body to take action to return to the set point, indicating a need that must be addressed to maintain homeostasis.

Question 7

According to the concept of alliesthesia, stimuli that restore homeostasis are stimuli that
A) produce neutral sensations.
B) are not detected by the body.
C) produce pleasant sensations.
D) produce unpleasant sensations.

Accepted Answer

According to the concept of alliesthesia, stimuli that restore homeostasis are stimuli that produce pleasant sensations. This is because the body perceives these stimuli as beneficial and rewarding, promoting survival and reproductive success.

Question 8

In restoring body temperature set point, voluntary behavior is to involuntary behavior as
A) shivering is to sweating.
B) jumping into a swimming pool is to putting on a sweater.
C) sweating is to shivering.
D) putting on your coat is to sweating.

Accepted Answer

Voluntary behavior involves conscious actions we take to adjust our body temperature, such as putting on a coat when it's cold. Involuntary behavior includes automatic physiological responses our body makes, like sweating to cool down.

Question 9

Imagine immersing yourself in a tub of water and judging this experience to be very unpleasant. The unpleasantness resulted because the water temperature
A) caused your body temperature to deviate further from its set point temperature
B) matched your normal body temperature
C) raised your body temperature back up to its set point temperature
D) lowered your body temperature back to its set point temperature

Accepted Answer

It is likely that the temperature of the water was lower or higher than the body's set point temperature (approximately 98.6°F or 37°C), which caused the body's temperature to deviate further from its set point temperature, leading to discomfort.

Question 10

The alliesthesia for drinking water would refer to what? It refers to
A) maintaining the proper concentration of salt within and surrounding the body's cells.
B) how pleasant water tastes.
C) the process of replenishing the body's cells with water.
D) the discrepancy between the water actual state and the water set point.

Accepted Answer

Alliesthesia refers to the change in pleasure derived from a sensory stimulus, depending on the internal state of the organism. In the context of drinking water, it refers to how pleasant water tastes, which can vary depending on the individual's level of thirst or hydration status.

Question 11

What happens during the thermic effect?
A) Heat is generated when calories are used during physical activity.
B) An individual experiences the pleasure of eating when hungry.
C) Heat is generated when calories are used to digest and store food.
D) Heat is generated when a person is low in body fluids.

Accepted Answer

The thermic effect is the process by which calories are used to digest and store food, which generates heat. Option A refers to heat generated during physical activity, option B refers to the subjective experience of eating, and option D refers to a person's hydration status.

Question 12

Energy homeostasis refers to
A) the condition when a person's glucose balance is at zero; not too much, not too little glucose.
B) a balance among the different sources of energy provided by food.
C) a balance among calories for rest, work, and the thermic effect.
D) the balance between the intake of food energy and the expenditure of that energy.

Accepted Answer

Energy homeostasis refers to the balance between the intake of food energy and the expenditure of that energy, which is regulated by various physiological systems and hormones in the body. This balance ensures that the body maintains a stable energy level over time, which is important for overall health and well-being. Choices A, B, and C are either incorrect or incomplete definitions of energy homeostasis.

Question 13

In order to maintain energy homeostasis, what is the result of eating less (consuming fewer calories)?
A) resting metabolism decreases
B) people become satiated
C) thermic effect increases
D) physical activity becomes less efficient

Accepted Answer

When people consume fewer calories, their resting metabolism decreases in order to conserve energy and maintain energy homeostasis. This means the body requires less energy to perform basic functions like breathing and circulating blood, which can make weight loss more difficult over time.

Question 14

As hunger increases, the amount people eat
A) decreases
B) increases
C) is unaffected
D) increases only for desserts

Accepted Answer

When people are hungry, their bodies release the hormone ghrelin, which increases appetite and encourages them to eat more. Therefore, as hunger increases, the amount people eat typically increases.

Question 15

Is there a part of the brain that monitors the body's energy level?
A) No
B) Yes, the stomach
C) Yes, the hypothalamus
D) Yes, the cortex

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that plays a role in regulating eating behavior and energy balance by monitoring the body's energy level. It helps to maintain homeostasis by regulating appetite, metabolism, and energy expenditure.

Question 16

What hormones does the brain monitor to regulate energy homeostasis?
A) Delbouef and antral
B) alliesthesia and CCK
C) leptin and neurotransmitter
D) leptin and CCK

Accepted Answer

The brain monitors leptin and CCK to regulate energy homeostasis. Leptin is released by fat cells and signals the brain to decrease food intake and increase energy expenditure. CCK is released by the small intestine in response to nutrients and decreases appetite. Together, these hormones help maintain energy balance in the body.

Question 17

The function of ghrelin is to
A) promote hunger.
B) inhibit hunger.
C) increase the thermic effect.
D) reduce resting metabolism when food is scarce.

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is known as the hunger hormone as it promotes hunger and increases food intake. It is produced in the stomach and signals the brain to stimulate appetite and increase food intake.

Question 18

As the number of hours since a person's last meal increases, which indicator of hunger decreases (gets smaller)?
A) Ratings of hunger: how hungry are you?
B) Ratings of how much is in stomach: how full is your stomach?
C) Ratings of the desire to eat: how much do you want to eat?
D) Ratings of how much to eat: how much can you eat?

Accepted Answer

As the number of hours since a person's last meal increases, the amount of food in their stomach decreases, leading to lower ratings of how full the stomach feels. This is because the body gradually digests and absorbs the food, emptying the stomach and signaling the need for more nutrients.

Question 19

What are the consequences of satiety?
A) A person now eats more.
B) There are no consequences
C) Food no longer tastes as good.
D) Food palatability increases.

Accepted Answer

Satiety decreases the motivation to eat and can lead to a decrease in food intake. It can also decrease the pleasure of eating, making food no longer taste as good.

Question 20

What are the two boundaries of the dual intervention point model?
A) Upper boundary is linked to being overweight; lower boundary is the same.
B) Lower boundary is minimal weight for survival; upper boundary is the same.
C) Lower boundary is linked to being overweight; upper boundary is minimal weight for survival.
D) Upper boundary is linked to being overweight; lower boundary is minimal weight for survival.

Accepted Answer

The dual intervention point model proposes two boundaries for healthy weight management: the lower boundary, which is the minimum weight for survival, and the upper boundary, which is linked to being overweight. Therefore, Option D is the correct answer as it correctly mentions that the upper boundary is linked to being overweight and the lower boundary is the minimal weight for survival.

Quiz 4: Homeostasis: Temperature, Thirst, Hunger, and Eating

In negative feedback systems, what is the function or purpose of motivated behavior? The function or purpose is

What does the negative feedback system accomplish?

Homeostasis means

Allostasis refers to maintaining a stable internal environment by

Assume a discrepancy exists between the actual state and the set point in a negative feedback system. The aim of behavior in regard to this discrepancy is to

What statement defines a physiological need? A physiological need is

According to the concept of alliesthesia, stimuli that restore homeostasis are stimuli that

In restoring body temperature set point, voluntary behavior is to involuntary behavior as

Imagine immersing yourself in a tub of water and judging this experience to be very unpleasant. The unpleasantness resulted because the water temperature

The alliesthesia for drinking water would refer to what? It refers to

What happens during the thermic effect?

Energy homeostasis refers to

In order to maintain energy homeostasis, what is the result of eating less (consuming fewer calories) ?

As hunger increases, the amount people eat

Is there a part of the brain that monitors the body's energy level?

What hormones does the brain monitor to regulate energy homeostasis?

The function of ghrelin is to

As the number of hours since a person's last meal increases, which indicator of hunger decreases (gets smaller) ?

What are the consequences of satiety?

What are the two boundaries of the dual intervention point model?