Question 1

A nurse is discussing optimal activity for young adults. Which of the following information should be stressed?

Accepted Answer

The Healthy People 2020 goal is to increase the proportion of adults who engage in moderate physical activity for 150 minutes a week (30 minutes five times per week) to 47.9% from 43.5%. Aerobic conditioning achieves cardiovascular fitness through five periods of moderately intense exercise weekly for about 30 minutes or more at a heart rate of approximately 220 minus the age of the person multiplied by 65% to 85%. Young adults are encouraged to engage in fitness activities that increase the heart rate to approximately 150 beats or more per minute. Moderately brisk walking that increases the heart rate is an appropriate aerobic exercise.

Question 2

Which of the following reflects Piaget's theory as applied to young adults?

Accepted Answer

Young adults are in Piaget's formal operational thinking stage during which they analyze issues objectively and insightfully.

Question 3

Which of the following adults has transitioned to Erikson's intimacy versus isolation and loneliness stage of development?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's intimacy versus isolation and loneliness stage of development involves reciprocal expressions of affection and trust. Promiscuous behavior is not characteristic of this stage of development. Reliance on a positive perception by friends and coworkers for self-esteem is not characteristic of this stage of development.

Question 4

Which of the following statements should be considered by a nurse working in occupational health who organizes a stress reduction workshop?

Accepted Answer

Employment is more than a source of income to young adults; it provides self-esteem and social interaction. Women experience as much, and sometimes more, stress than do men because of child care issues. The demands of work are stressful and sometimes lead to unhealthy behavior.

Question 5

A nurse is completing a health counseling session with a 25-year-old woman. Which of the following statements should be made by the nurse during this session?

Accepted Answer

Screening is strongly recommended for cervical cancer in women who have been sexually active (Papanicolaou [Pap] smears). The incidence of carcinoma in situ is high in young adults. The US Preventative Services Task Force recommends against teaching breast self-examination and concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the additional benefits and harm of clinical breast examination beyond screening mammography for women 40 and older. After age 25, the preventive emphasis is on modifying coronary disease risk factors, which would be accomplished by discussing activity and weight control.

Question 6

The public health nurse is conducting a screening of young adults for metabolic syndrome. When asked about the syndrome, which of the following responses should be made by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when a person has high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high blood sugar. A person with this syndrome is at risk for coronary artery disease. Lifestyle changes are tried before medication is used.

Question 7

A nurse volunteered to work at a natural disaster site. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask to determine if the 26-year-old individual being screened is depressed or has suicide ideation?

Accepted Answer

Direct questioning about the intent to harm oneself is appropriate for the nurse to ask during screening/counseling sessions.

Question 8

A nurse is planning a community health education program for young adults. Which of the following considerations should be made by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Young adulthood spans the years between ages 18 to 35. The number of young adults in the United States is declining, and the maternal mortality rate is at its highest level since 1980.

Question 9

A 30-year-old woman with a BMI of 36 is counseled by the nurse regarding interventions to assist with weight reduction. In which order would the nurse discuss the implementation of these interventions?
1) Gastric stapling
2) Medication to reduce appetite
3) Nutrition and exercise education
4) Assessment of lipid profile and blood pressure

Accepted Answer

Assessment data must be complete before intervention. Diet and exercise are used first, and then pharmaceutical agents to reduce appetite. Bariatric surgery is used when all other options have failed.

Question 10

A nurse is working in the community to prevent bicycle and motorcycle fatalities. Which of the following measures would be most effective for the nurse to promote?

Accepted Answer

Head injury is the major cause of death related to bicycle or motorcycle accidents. Bicycle helmets are believed to be the single most effective preventive measure available to decrease the incidence of brain and head injury.

Question 11

A 32-year-old woman visits the occupational health nurse because of malaise. Which of the following assessment data indicates that the client may be experiencing achievement-oriented stress?

Accepted Answer

Achievement-oriented stress is characterized by lack of sleep, skipping meals, and workaholic habits. It differs from situational stress, which would be caused by changes in job function for example.

Question 12

A 26-year-old client has a total cholesterol of 206 mg/dL and an LDL of 110. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular assessment of the young adult includes determining the presences of hyperlipemia, hypertension, diabetes, chest pain, or heart disease. This client has an elevated cholesterol levels and requires additional education about risk factors that may lead to cardiac disease. The Healthy People 2020 target is to reduce the mean total blood cholesterol levels among adults to 177.9 mg/dL. A diagnosis of heart disease cannot be made on the basis of these lab values.

Question 13

Which of the following circumstances accounts for one of the leading cause of death in young adults?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol-related accidents among individuals ages 15 to 24 continue to be a leading cause of preventable morbidity, disability, and death.

Question 14

The university health services nurse is preparing a disease prevention program for college students. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the program?

Accepted Answer

Although most outbreaks of meningococcal disease are sporadic, young adults living in dormitories or crowded conditions may be more susceptible than young adults not living in close settings. Meningococcal disease has a high mortality rate. It is caused by a bacterium, not a virus, and antibiotics to treat the disease are readily available. A preventive vaccine is available.

Question 15

A nurse is planning health care for young adults. Which of the following factors about the interventions should be recognized by the nurse as having the greatest impact on whether they are effective?

Accepted Answer

Unless the interventions are culturally sensitive, they are not likely to be successful. Although the other factors are important, the priority consideration is cultural sensitivity.

Question 16

The parents of a young adult female have recently divorced. Which of the following is the young adult most likely to experience?

Accepted Answer

Although dissatisfaction and unhappiness are frequent precursors to separation and divorce, the decision to dissolve a marriage is not easy. Divorced young adults frequently suffer severe emotional strain and depression. Some young adults are unable to adjust to role and status changes and to threats of self-concept. Young adults whose parents divorce have an increased rate of divorce, but that does not mean that they are unable to sustain their own relationships.

Question 17

The nurse working in the college health center is planning a program about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Which of the following information should the nurse include in the program?

Accepted Answer

STDs can be transmitted from oral and anal sex, not just vaginal intercourse, and many young adults do not understand this. STDs are the most common infection in persons age 15 to 24. A person may have multiple STDs. STDs are generally unreported and not treated.

Question 18

Which of the following young adults exemplifies Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Someone in Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral reasoning is able to do what is beneficial or "right" regardless of peer pressure to take another course of action.

Question 19

A 19-year-old college student is seen by the health services nurse. The young woman is distraught that she had unprotected sex 4 days ago and is afraid she may have become pregnant. Which of the following statements should be made by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Emergency contraception can reduce the number of unintended pregnancies. There is a generic two-dose form Next Choice, and a one-dose form, Plan B One-Step. Both require a prescription for girls under 17. Emergency contraception must be used within three days of unprotected sex. It works by either altering tubal transport of either sperm or ova, inhibiting implantation. It will not terminate an existing pregnancy and does not provide protection against sexually transmitted diseases.

Question 20

The nurse working in the college health center is asked about a safe way to obtain a tan. Which of the following would be the best response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Young adults should avoid sunbathing during the 2-hour period before and after noon because two-thirds of the day's ultraviolet light comes through the earth's atmosphere during this time. There is no need to stay completely out of the sun. Tanning beds are not a safe way to tan. Sunblock should be reapplied if certain outdoor activities are part of the day, such as swimming.

Quiz 22: Young Adult