Question 1

In this chapter's Senior View, the person interviewed was
A) one of the authors
B) both of the authors
C) still a child
D) me

Accepted Answer

The use of "me" in the option suggests that the person interviewed is the speaker or writer themselves, indicating a personal involvement in the content.

Question 2

Surveys of adults of different ages have generally found that older adults compared to very old or younger adults report higher levels of
A) anxiety
B) depression
C) life satisfaction
D) loneliness

Accepted Answer

Surveys have consistently found that older adults report higher levels of life satisfaction compared to younger adults. It is a common misconception that with age comes increased loneliness or depression, but studies have not consistently supported this idea. However, anxiety may increase with age as the result of health issues, caregiving responsibilities, and life changes such as retirement. Nevertheless, life satisfaction is consistently higher among older adults compared to younger adults.

Question 3

The paradox of well-being refers to the finding of high levels of _____ among older adults.
A) illness
B) happiness
C) unhappiness
D) paradox

Accepted Answer

The paradox of well-being refers to the counterintuitive finding that despite facing physical and cognitive decline, loss of loved ones, and other challenges, older adults report higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction compared to younger adults. Therefore, the best choice is B, happiness.

Question 4

The presence and level of unpleasant emotions like guilt and anger is associated with which of the following personality traits?
A) openness
B) optimism
C) extraversion
D) neuroticism

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism is a personality trait characterized by emotional instability and vulnerability to unpleasant emotions such as guilt, anger, anxiety, and sadness.

Question 5

In examinations of the presence of negative emotions, the lowest levels have been found for
A) older married men
B) older married women
C) younger married men
D) younger married women

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that older married men often report lower levels of negative emotions compared to their counterparts. This can be attributed to factors such as increased emotional stability, life satisfaction, and the benefits of long-term partnership that tend to increase with age.

Question 6

One possible reason for the relatively high levels of positive emotions among older adults is that
A) older adults do not know what's going on
B) older adults are often in denial
C) less positive people didn't live that long
D) people who are old lie on surveys

Accepted Answer

This is a logical explanation as individuals who have a more positive outlook on life and experience more positive emotions may be more likely to engage in behaviors that promote health and longevity, leading to a higher proportion of positive older adults. Additionally, individuals who experienced less positive emotions may have been more likely to engage in risky behaviors or have negative health outcomes, decreasing their chances of living to older ages. Options A, B, and D are not supported by empirical evidence and do not provide a valid explanation for the finding of higher levels of positive emotions among older adults.

Question 7

People with a more positive outlook may live longer in part because they are better able to handle
A) serious illness
B) chronic conditions
C) financial pressures
D) stress

Accepted Answer

People with a more positive outlook may live longer in part because they are better able to handle stress. Positive thinking and optimism can help reduce stress levels, which can have a positive effect on overall health and longevity.

Question 8

Some longitudinal studies found that those who died early were less _____ than those who lived long.
A) pessimistic
B) optimistic
C) extraverted
D) neurotic

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal studies have found that those who lived long tend to be more optimistic and have a positive outlook on life. Therefore, the best choice is B, optimistic.

Question 9

Which of the following is expected to increase over the next four decades?
A) morbidity
B) ageism
C) deaths from heart disease and cancer
D) life expectancy

Accepted Answer

According to demographic projections and improvements in healthcare, life expectancy is expected to increase over the next four decades. A, B, and C are all negative factors that are not expected to increase.

Question 10

Declining health and increasing disability are referred to as
A) gerontology
B) geriatrics
C) morbidity
D) mortality

Accepted Answer

Morbidity refers to the state of being diseased or the rate of disease in a population. Declining health and increasing disability would fall under this category. Gerontology is the study of aging, while geriatrics is the medical care of older adults. Mortality refers to death rates.

Question 11

Researchers are now working to prevent some illnesses from ever starting by activating a class of genes called
A) sirtuins
B) belnekoffs
C) resveratrols
D) primogats

Accepted Answer

The correct class of genes mentioned in the article are sirtuins. Resveratrols are compounds found in some foods that are thought to activate sirtuins, but they are not themselves genes. Belnekoffs and primogats are not mentioned in the article and are likely not related to this topic.

Question 12

The compression of morbidity hypothesis says that
A) as we live longer the amount of time spent in illness and disability will also increase
B) humans will never live beyond a specified age and as that age is approaches health will steadily decline
C) older adults will remain fairly healthy until a certain age and then decline rapidly and die
D) illness and disabilities will become more frequent among younger and middle-aged adults as people live longer

Accepted Answer

The compression of morbidity hypothesis states that older adults will remain fairly healthy until a certain age, and then decline rapidly and die. This means that the amount of time spent in illness and disability will be compressed into a shorter period before death, rather than increasing as we live longer. Option A is incorrect because the compression of morbidity hypothesis contradicts this statement. Option B is incorrect because there is no evidence to support a specific age limit for human lifespan. Option D is incorrect because the hypothesis does not suggest that illness and disabilities will become more frequent among younger and middle-aged adults.

Question 13

By the year 2050 it is expected that the age differences that are found today on tests of memory will
A) no longer be found
B) still be present
C) be even bigger
D) exist only for certain cohorts

Accepted Answer

Age-related differences in memory performance are expected to persist due to the biological and cognitive changes associated with aging.

Question 14

A recent study found that cognitive functioning in adults 70 years and older was strongly related to their high school levels of
A) physical activity
B) social activity
C) intelligence
D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The study found that cognitive functioning in adults 70 years and older was strongly related to their high school levels of intelligence, but did not mention physical or social activity.

Question 15

It is expected that by the year 2050 the social networks of most people will
A) still be composed of family and friends
B) contain many more androids than today
C) be significantly smaller that present networks
D) be nonexistent as everyone will be connected to everyone else

Accepted Answer

While it is impossible to predict the exact state of social networks in 2050, it is safe to assume that people will still value and maintain connections with family and friends, which has been a constant throughout human history. Option B is unlikely, as it is uncertain if androids will replace human interaction in social networks. Option C is also unlikely, as technology has enabled people to connect with individuals across the globe, increasing the size of social networks. Option D is an extreme scenario that is unlikely to happen due to the complexity of human relationships and the role of social networks in maintaining them.

Question 16

Which of the following is making it possible for families to dine together and visit even when separated by great distances?
A) much quicker air travel
B) the use of satellites to convey instant messages
C) the Internet and email
D) the presence of recording and display equipment in homes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is making it...

Question 17

The houses of the future may allow you to operate virtually everything in the house form a central location or from terminals in various rooms and in your workplace too; such a house is already in production and is referred to as
A) Technohouse
B) Compuhouse
C) Smarthouse
D) FutureHouse

Accepted Answer

The houses referred to in the passage are called "smarthouses."

Question 18

Some researchers are now designing _______ to assist with the health care provided in nursing homes.
A) robots
B) computers
C) video cameras and monitors
D) new assistive devices

Accepted Answer

The sentence states that researchers are designing something to assist with health care provided in nursing homes. The best option that fits in this sentence and is currently being researched is robots. While computers, video cameras, and monitors, and new assistive devices may also play a role in nursing home health care, the sentence specifically mentions researchers designing something, which implies a more significant, physical solution.

Question 19

It is expected that in the future older adults may be taking fewer medications than they do today because
A) medicine will become more and more electronic
B) links will be discovered among various diseases
C) there will be far fewer diseases
D) robots will take the place of grandparents

Accepted Answer

With advances in medical research, there is a greater likelihood of discovering links between various diseases. This could lead to more targeted treatment approaches and reduce the need for multiple medications. Other options such as medicine becoming more electronic or robots replacing grandparents are not as relevant to the question or may not have a direct impact on the number of medications older adults take. Choice C is also unlikely as new diseases may emerge in the future.

Question 20

A burial site where the body is allowed to decompose naturally without a casket is called a _____ cemetery.
A) eco-friendly
B) naturalistic
C) biodegradable
D) green

Accepted Answer

The term "green" is commonly used to describe eco-friendly practices, and in this case, a green cemetery would refer to a burial site where the body is allowed to decompose naturally without a casket, without harming the environment.

Quiz 15: Looking to the Future

In this chapter's Senior View, the person interviewed was

Surveys of adults of different ages have generally found that older adults compared to very old or younger adults report higher levels of

The paradox of well-being refers to the finding of high levels of _____ among older adults.

The presence and level of unpleasant emotions like guilt and anger is associated with which of the following personality traits?

In examinations of the presence of negative emotions, the lowest levels have been found for

One possible reason for the relatively high levels of positive emotions among older adults is that

People with a more positive outlook may live longer in part because they are better able to handle

Some longitudinal studies found that those who died early were less _____ than those who lived long.

Which of the following is expected to increase over the next four decades?

Declining health and increasing disability are referred to as

Researchers are now working to prevent some illnesses from ever starting by activating a class of genes called

The compression of morbidity hypothesis says that

By the year 2050 it is expected that the age differences that are found today on tests of memory will

A recent study found that cognitive functioning in adults 70 years and older was strongly related to their high school levels of

It is expected that by the year 2050 the social networks of most people will

Which of the following is making it possible for families to dine together and visit even when separated by great distances?

The houses of the future may allow you to operate virtually everything in the house form a central location or from terminals in various rooms and in your workplace too; such a house is already in production and is referred to as

Some researchers are now designing _______ to assist with the health care provided in nursing homes.

It is expected that in the future older adults may be taking fewer medications than they do today because

A burial site where the body is allowed to decompose naturally without a casket is called a _____ cemetery.