Question 1

IRBs require informed consent from all research participants.

Accepted Answer

Some respondents are not able to provide consent, for example minors can provide assent and their guardians give consent for participant. Others may not be cognitively able to consent. Additionally, in some circumstances, IRBs may approve a waiver of informed consent.

Question 2

Generally, it is impossible to avoid reactive effects in research.

Accepted Answer

Researchers can avoid reactive effects by using some form of deception.

Question 3

Milgram's use of deception was necessary in order to test his hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

It would have likely been impossible to test his hypothesis if people were told the true goal of the research. However, the use of deception is still controversial.

Question 4

Venkatesh's research was not problematic because he was able to get informed consent from all the participants.

Accepted Answer

Venkatesh's ethnographic researcher had some ethical questions, particularly because many people did not know they were participating in a study or that Venkatesh was a researcher.

Question 5

Discuss a few of the historical events that lead to the development of research ethics for human subjects. Why is it important to be aware of this history?

Accepted Answer

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Question 6

What are the three main ethical principles established in the Belmont Report? Explain each in your own words.

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

What are institutional review boards (IRB) and what is their role in the research process? What is the goal of the IRB review process?

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

Discuss some of the concerns that researchers have about the IRB process. What are its limitations? Does approval from the IRB mean that all ethical considerations have been accounted for? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

What does González-Lopez mean by "mindful ethics"? Why was this important in her research?

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Describe a few of the key aspects of informed consent. Why is informed consent an important aspect of ethical research? What are some of the challenges of obtaining consent?

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

Dr. Smith is studying college students' attitudes about the legalization of marijuana. She decided to survey three of the classes that she's teaching to gather data. Why might this decision be ethically problematic? What would you suggest she do to ensure her research is ethically sound?

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

What are reactive effects? What are the arguments for and against using deception as a way of mitigating these effects? Use Milgram's experiment as an example to make the arguments.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

How does Venkatesh's research about gangs illustrate some of the challenges of gaining informed consent? Do you believe that his approach was ethical? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

What is the difference between confidentiality and anonymity? Design a study using each approach using the same topic.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Imagine you are a researcher studying dynamics of a fraternity or sorority on your campus. What measures would you need to consider to maintain confidentiality when you report the findings of this study?

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

What are some of the reasons people may conduct social research? What is beneficial about understanding research methods? Which do you find the most interesting or appealing and why?

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

Compare and contrast the ethical considerations that quantitative and qualitative researchers have to attend to.

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Question 18

Imagine you are a member of the Institutional Review Board and you are reviewing Laud Humphrey's Tearoom Trade research proposal. What are the primary ethical concerns? What would you suggest he do or avoid doing in order to avoid violating ethical principles?

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

What is meant by harm to participants? What factors should researchers take into consideration to ensure that they are not harming the people participating in their research? Is any amount of harm justifiable? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Describe some of the controversies over power and social research, and how these relate to ethical principles. Cite an example from the chapter.

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 2: What Principles and Standards Guide Research Research Ethics