Question 1

The moral and professional standards that guide research decisions are known as
A) Research design
B) Nuremberg Code
C) Research ethics
D) Belmont report

Accepted Answer

Research ethics are the moral and professional standards that guide decisions in research, ensuring that studies are conducted responsibly and with respect for participants.

Question 2

Which of the following is not a reason that it is important to understand research ethics?
A) Seeking knowledge that will benefit everyone
B) Protecting research participants
C) Maintaining the integrity of the research project
D) Upholding the reputation of social sciences

Accepted Answer

Understanding research ethics is primarily about protecting participants, maintaining integrity, and upholding the discipline's reputation. Seeking knowledge for universal benefit, while important, is not directly about the ethics of conducting research.

Question 3

Which of the following is the most important consideration when it comes to research ethics?
A) Seeking knowledge that will benefit everyone
B) Protecting research participants
C) Maintaining the integrity of the research project
D) Upholding the reputation of social sciences

Accepted Answer

Protecting research participants is the most important consideration when it comes to research ethics. Research should not harm the participants in any way and their confidentiality and privacy should also be maintained. The other options may also be important, but protecting research participants should be the top priority.

Question 4

A framework for collecting and analyzing data which outlines the researcher's approach and goals is called
A) Research ethics
B) Research design
C) Confidentiality
D) Reactive effects

Accepted Answer

A research design outlines the approach and goals for collecting and analyzing data. Research ethics refers to ethical principles and guidelines that must be followed during research. Confidentiality refers to ensuring the privacy and protection of participants' information. Reactive effects refer to changes in participants' behavior that occur as a result of being studied.

Question 5

Guidelines for ethical research were first developed
A) After the details of the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment were reported
B) When sociology first emerged as a field of study
C) After the Nuremberg Trials in 1946
D) In 1979 with the writing of the Belmont Report

Accepted Answer

The Nuremberg Trials, which took place after World War II, highlighted the atrocities and unethical medical experiments performed by the Nazis. This led to the development of the Nuremberg Code, one of the first sets of guidelines for ethical research involving human subjects.

Question 6

The participants in the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment
A) Were told they were being treated when in reality they were not.
B) Were eventually given penicillin when it was found to treat syphilis
C) Were aware that they had syphilis
D) Were not targeted for the study because of their race.

Accepted Answer

The participants were not told they were being treated and were instead left untreated for their syphilis, even after an effective treatment (penicillin) was discovered.

Question 7

Which of the following is not one of the three main ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report?
A) The Common Rule
B) Respect for Persons
C) Beneficence
D) Justice

Accepted Answer

The Common Rule is not one of the main ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report. The Belmont Report outlines three main ethical principles that should guide research with human subjects: Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and Justice. The Common Rule refers to regulations that were developed based on the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report.

Question 8

Jane ensures that her research study maximized the benefits for her participants while reducing the risks they may encounter. Which of the three principles from the Belmont is Jane attending to?
A) Justice
B) Beneficence
C) Respect for Persons
D) Anonymity

Accepted Answer

Jane is attending to the principle of beneficence, which is maximizing the benefits for participants while minimizing the risks they may encounter.

Question 9

Dr. Ferrentino's study on the impact of training programs on unemployment only provides benefits to white participants, while African American participants do not experience the benefit. Which principle of the Belmont Report is being violated in this project?
A) Respect for Persons
B) Beneficence
C) Justice
D) Common Rule

Accepted Answer

The principle of Justice is being violated in this study as it is not providing fair distribution of benefits and burdens among all participants. It is unfair that only white participants are experiencing the benefits of the training programs while African American participants are not. This goes against the principle of justice, which requires fairness in the selection of research subjects and the distribution of the benefits and burdens of research.

Question 10

The U.S. government outlined an official policy guiding ethical research in what year?
A) 1946
B) 1979
C) 1997
D) 1991

Accepted Answer

The answer of The U.S. government outlined an official policy...

Question 11

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an Institutional Review Board?
A) Members are from a variety of disciplines
B) Boards include one member from outside of the institution
C) IRBs are typically at colleges and universities
D) Members must be social scientists

Accepted Answer

The statement "Members must be social scientists" is not true. IRBs can have members from a variety of disciplines, including medical professionals, legal experts, ethicists, and community representatives. There is no requirement that members be social scientists.

Question 12

Dr. Leonard is designing a study that focuses on assessing her university's orientation program. She does not plan to present or publish the findings, but will only use the information to improve the program at the institution. Does this research need to be reviewed by the IRB?
A) Yes, it should undergo a full IRB review.
B) No, ethical standards do not apply.
C) She should still submit a proposal to the IRB but it is likely to be exempt.
D) Yes, all research must be reviewed by the IRB.

Accepted Answer

Although the study is not intended for publication or presentation, it still involves human subjects research and should be submitted for IRB review. However, considering that the primary aim is to improve the program, it is likely that the study will be exempt from full IRB review.

Question 13

Which research method is not mentioned as one that does not align well with IRB review?
A) Experimental Research
B) Participatory Action Research
C) Postmodern methods
D) Ethnographic research

Accepted Answer

Experimental Research is typically well-aligned with IRB review processes due to its structured nature, which often involves controlled conditions and clear, predefined procedures, making it easier to assess for ethical considerations compared to the other methods listed.

Question 14

González-Lopez needed to consider all of the following factors in her study of family incest except
A) Her participants emotional well-being
B) Noticing and respecting boundaries
C) Ensuring the participants kept a signed copy of the informed consent
D) Offering resources

Accepted Answer

While ensuring that participants keep a signed copy of the informed consent is an important part of ethical research, it is not directly related to the study of family incest and the well-being of the participants. The other factors listed (emotional well-being, respecting boundaries, offering resources) are all crucial considerations in a study of family incest.

Question 15

Potential research participants must be given the opportunity to agree to participate in the study, as well as be aware of what the research study entails as well as the risks and benefits of participating. This is known as
A) Informed Consent
B) Confidentiality
C) Reactive effects
D) Reducing harm

Accepted Answer

Informed consent refers to the process of informing potential research participants about the study and its risks and benefits so that they can make an informed decision about whether or not to participate. It is an important ethical principle in research that protects the rights and autonomy of participants. Confidentiality, reactive effects, and reducing harm are also important ethical principles in research, but they do not specifically relate to the process of obtaining informed consent.

Question 16

Which of the following elements are typically not included in an informed consent?
A) Assurance of anonymity
B) The risks and benefits involved in the study
C) The names and institutional affiliation of the researchers
D) A description of how the data will be stored

Accepted Answer

Assurance of anonymity is not typically a component of informed consent. Informed consent usually focuses on explaining the study's purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, and the participant's rights, including confidentiality measures, but it does not guarantee anonymity.

Question 17

Which of the following groups would be competent to make an informed consent?
A) Children under 18
B) A respondent who speaks a different language
C) College students
D) A respondent who is very ill

Accepted Answer

College students are generally considered to have the cognitive ability and maturity to make informed decisions about participating in research. Children under 18 may not have the legal capacity to provide informed consent, a respondent who speaks a different language may not be able to fully understand the implications of participation, and a respondent who is very ill may not have the cognitive or physical capacity to make an informed decision.

Question 18

Parent/guardian permission is known as __________ and child/youth permission is called __________. __
A) Consent; assent
B) Assent; consent
C) Consent; consent
D) Assent; assent

Accepted Answer

Parent/guardian permission is known as consent and child/youth permission is called assent. Therefore, the correct choice is A - consent; assent.

Question 19

Which of the following could be viewed as coercing respondents to participate in a research study?
A) Offering a participant $5.00 for participation
B) Letting the participant know the benefits of participation
C) Offering to pay parking costs while participating in the study
D) Offering a respondent $500 for participation

Accepted Answer

Offering a respondent $500 for participation could be viewed as coercive because it implies that the researcher really needs their participation and is willing to spend a large amount of money to convince them to do so. This could pressure potential participants into participating even if they are not fully comfortable with it or do not fully understand the risks and benefits of the study. Offering a small incentive or covering minor expenses, such as parking costs, is not considered coercive as long as participation is voluntary and participants are given informed consent.

Question 20

Reactive effects __________________________________________.
A) Are unavoidable in social research
B) Are the impact on research participants of knowing they are being studied
C) Should always be mitigated by using deception.
D) Can be avoided with informed consent

Accepted Answer

Reactive effects refer to the impact that being studied has on research participants. It is not always possible to avoid reactive effects, but researchers can take steps to mitigate them, such as using anonymized data or minimizing intrusion into participants' lives. Using deception or avoiding informed consent goes against ethical standards of research.

Quiz 2: What Principles and Standards Guide Research Research Ethics

The moral and professional standards that guide research decisions are known as

Which of the following is not a reason that it is important to understand research ethics?

Which of the following is the most important consideration when it comes to research ethics?

A framework for collecting and analyzing data which outlines the researcher's approach and goals is called

Guidelines for ethical research were first developed

The participants in the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment

Which of the following is not one of the three main ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report?

Jane ensures that her research study maximized the benefits for her participants while reducing the risks they may encounter. Which of the three principles from the Belmont is Jane attending to?

Dr. Ferrentino's study on the impact of training programs on unemployment only provides benefits to white participants, while African American participants do not experience the benefit. Which principle of the Belmont Report is being violated in this project?

The U.S. government outlined an official policy guiding ethical research in what year?

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an Institutional Review Board?

Dr. Leonard is designing a study that focuses on assessing her university's orientation program. She does not plan to present or publish the findings, but will only use the information to improve the program at the institution. Does this research need to be reviewed by the IRB?

Which research method is not mentioned as one that does not align well with IRB review?

González-Lopez needed to consider all of the following factors in her study of family incest except

Potential research participants must be given the opportunity to agree to participate in the study, as well as be aware of what the research study entails as well as the risks and benefits of participating. This is known as

Which of the following elements are typically not included in an informed consent?

Which of the following groups would be competent to make an informed consent?

Parent/guardian permission is known as __ and child/youth permission is called .

Which of the following could be viewed as coercing respondents to participate in a research study?

Reactive effects __________________________________________.