Question 1

Researchers use ______ type of study to focus on a relationship in determining how two or more specific variables correlate.

Accepted Answer

A comparison study is designed to determine how two or more variables correlate, focusing on the relationship between these variables to understand how they influence each other.

Question 2

Investigators who may be interested in clarifying phenomena or events may achieve this through ______.

Accepted Answer

Descriptive or qualitative research methods are best used in providing an in-depth understanding of the phenomena or events being investigated. These methods allow investigators to gather detailed information about a subject, such as its nature, structure, and components, without manipulating or changing them, as in experimental research. This type of research is particularly useful when investigating complex or poorly understood phenomena, as it allows for a more nuanced and detailed analysis of the subject.

Question 3

When the purpose statement denotes an attempt to identify phenomena, events, or exercises, he or she is using ______.

Accepted Answer

When the purpose statement denotes an attempt to identify phenomena, events, or exercises, he or she is using clarifying methods. Clarifying methods are used to identify and describe phenomena, events, or exercises.

Question 4

Identifying whether a study involves a comparison or a relationship directs the researchers in choosing ______.

Accepted Answer

Identifying whether a study involves a comparison or a relationship can help researchers in choosing a statistical method. For example, if the study involves a comparison between two groups, a t-test or ANOVA may be appropriate, whereas if the study involves investigating a relationship, correlation or regression analysis may be more suitable. The appropriate variables, proper operationalization of variables, and results evaluation will also depend on the specific research question and methodology, but identifying the type of study is a crucial first step in selecting appropriate statistical methods.

Question 5

The three types of hypotheses mentioned by Houser are null, nondirectional, and ______.

Accepted Answer

Houser mentions null and nondirectional hypotheses, and the missing type is directional. Therefore, the correct answer is D) directional.

Question 6

______ stated that the purpose statement should include delineation of the variables studied.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______ stated that the purpose statement should...

Question 7

"The aim of this current study was to describe how women with spinal cord injuries perceive the importance of social support for participation in occupation" is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

The sentence is an example of clarifying phenomena or events, as it describes the purpose of the study and what the researchers hope to achieve by investigating how social support affects the participation of women with spinal cord injuries in occupation.

Question 8

A study may be considered researchable if the independent variables, dependent variables, and/or variables of interest can be ______.

Accepted Answer

In order for a study to be researchable, the variables of interest must be operationalized. This means that they must be clearly defined and measurable, so that they can be observed and analyzed as part of the research process. Quantifying and identifying variables may also be important, but operationalization is essential for ensuring that a study is rigorous and scientifically valid.

Question 9

H₀ µ₁≠µ₁ represents ______.

Accepted Answer

H₀ µ₁≠µ₁ represents the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis is a statement that there is no difference between two groups or populations. In this case, the null hypothesis is that there is no difference between the means of two populations.

Question 10

When there is enough evidence from previous research to suggest that there is likely to be a difference in groups but there is not enough evidence to predict the exact direction is referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

When there is enough evidence to suggest that there is likely to be a difference in groups but there is not enough evidence to predict the exact direction, the alternative nondirectional hypothesis is used. The null hypothesis assumes that there is no difference between groups, and the alternative directional hypothesis predicts the direction of the difference. The working hypothesis is a preliminary hypothesis that is subject to testing and modification.

Question 11

______ type of hypothesis is used when the researcher has enough evidence from previous research to support the prediction of a direction of outcome.

Accepted Answer

An alternative directional hypothesis is used when the researcher has enough evidence from previous research to support the prediction of a direction of outcome.

Question 12

A concern about whether the hypothesis is consistent with current theories is referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A concern about whether the hypothesis is...

Question 13

In behavioral theory, phenomena must be ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In behavioral theory, phenomena must be ______.
...

Question 14

Stating the hypothesis as concisely as possible is referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stating the hypothesis as concisely as possible...

Question 15

What is the rationale for treating research as indirect proof?

Accepted Answer

Research is treated as indirect proof because data are collected from samples and the conclusions drawn from those samples may or may not be representative of the entire population. Therefore, the results of research are not direct proof, but rather provide evidence or support for a hypothesis or theory.

Question 16

The purpose statement should not be based on the argument developed in the literature review.

Accepted Answer

The purpose statement should be informed by the argument developed in the literature review, as it sets the direction for the research based on gaps or issues identified in the existing literature.

Question 17

The purpose statement may be expressed in either a declarative statement or in the form of a question or questions.

Accepted Answer

The purpose statement can be expressed in either a declarative statement or in the form of a question or questions.

Question 18

The purpose statement is typically found in the abstract review section of an article, toward the end of the review.

Accepted Answer

The purpose statement is usually found at the beginning of the article, often in the introduction, where the author outlines the objectives and goals of the research.

Question 19

In qualitative research and in quantitative descriptive studies, researchers typically do not have independent and dependent variables.

Accepted Answer

In qualitative research and quantitative descriptive studies, the focus is often on exploring phenomena, describing experiences, or understanding concepts rather than testing relationships between variables, which is more characteristic of experimental or quasi-experimental research where independent and dependent variables are clearly defined.

Question 20

When interpreting a study, readers of research articles do not need to know the specific population the results may be applied to.

Accepted Answer

Readers of research articles need to know the specific population to which the results may be applied. This information helps to determine the generalizability and external validity of the study findings.

Quiz 10: Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses