Question 1

Which of the following is considered to be one of the most tangible indications of male guards' and supervisors' hostility to the women guards?

Accepted Answer

Sexual harassment is considered to be one of the most tangible indications of male guards' and supervisors' hostility to the women guards. This behavior can range from verbal comments and gestures to physical touching and assault. Bullying and stalking are also forms of hostility but may be less tangible and harder to prove. Hostile sexism can contribute to a hostile work environment but may not always manifest in direct actions like sexual harassment.

Question 2

Which of the following statements pertaining on job performance and attitudes is true?

Accepted Answer

Women are better at deescalating violent situations because they are more likely to talk out or reason with defiant inmates.

Question 3

Some studies have found that women guards are more ______ in orientation than men officers were.

Accepted Answer

The sentence suggests that women guards have a different orientation than male officers. The options offer different types of orientations. Rehabilitative orientation involves focusing on the rehabilitation of prisoners, helping them to reintegrate into society after serving their time. Punitive orientation is about punishment and making prisoners pay for their crimes. Retributive orientation is about seeking revenge for a crime committed. Restitutive orientation is about making amends and compensating the victim. As such, the best choice is A) rehabilitative, as this option matches the idea of helping prisoners reform and reintegrate, which may be more aligned with women's preferences.

Question 4

According to the job model, ______ impact guards' gender differences.

Accepted Answer

The job model suggests that organizational structure and job characteristics impact gender differences in job attitudes, behavior, and outcomes. A, B, and D are all factors that may also influence gender differences, but they are not specifically mentioned in the job model.

Question 5

Which model suggests that women place greater importance than do men on relationships with others in their work environment?

Accepted Answer

The gender model proposes that men and women have different values, attitudes, and behaviors in the workplace due to societal norms and expectations. Women are believed to prioritize relationships and interpersonal connections more than men, while men prioritize task-oriented goals. Therefore, the gender model suggests that women place greater importance on relationships than men in their work environment.

Question 6

In this century where men are more likely to report discrimination in promotions, the ______ model is more dominant.

Accepted Answer

The work-role prisonization model suggests that individuals become socialized into a particular work role and its associated norms and values, which makes it difficult for them to succeed in higher positions or different roles. This has been found to particularly affect men who may feel trapped in their current work role and unable to advance. Therefore, in this century where men are reporting discrimination in promotions, the work-role prisonization model is more dominant.

Question 7

Which model was found to have been more dominant during the studies in the first few decades following Title VII where women reported discrimination in promotions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which model was found to have been...

Question 8

Which model speculates that the on-the-job prison/jail environments and structural factors shape these employees' views of discrimination?

Accepted Answer

The work-role prisonization model suggests that the institutional environment and job-related factors influence corrections employees' views of discrimination. The importation-differential experiences model focuses on how the backgrounds and experiences of employees before entering the correctional field shape their views of discrimination. The gender model focuses on gender-based discrimination and the job model is not specific to corrections employees.

Question 9

Which model posits that prison/jail employees' socialization prior to working in these jobs, via demographic variables such as gender and race, influence individuals' experiences with and how they view discrimination?

Accepted Answer

The importation-differential experiences model posits that individuals' prior life experiences, including demographic variables such as gender and race, influence their experiences with and perceptions of discrimination in prison/jail settings. The work-role prisonization model focuses more on the socialization process within the correctional workplace itself. The gender model is a more general approach to studying gender and inequality, and the job model pertains more to job satisfaction and work motivation.

Question 10

Role strain is a measure of a workers' stress when their job responsibilities feel ______.

Accepted Answer

Role strain occurs when there is a discrepancy between the expectations or demands placed on an individual in their role and their ability to meet those demands. When job responsibilities feel ambiguous, it can be difficult for workers to meet expectations, leading to stress and role strain. Therefore, the best choice is B - ambiguous.

Question 11

Historically, married women fared much worse that unmarried women because they were viewed as their husband's property.

Accepted Answer

Historically, women were considered legal property of their husbands and had limited rights and freedoms in marriage. Consequently, they often fared worse than unmarried women who were not subject to the same restrictions and limitations.

Question 12

Perry-Jenkins and Gerstel (2020) characterized housework and parenting as paid work.

Accepted Answer

Perry-Jenkins and Gerstel (2020) likely characterized housework and parenting as unpaid work, as these tasks are typically considered forms of labor that do not receive financial compensation.

Question 13

A major distinction between racism and sexism is that people of color do not tend to share the private sphere as intimately with the empowered.

Accepted Answer

Racism often involves segregation and systemic barriers that prevent people of color from sharing private spaces with those in power, whereas sexism occurs within shared private spheres like families and relationships.

Question 14

White women disproportionately benefit from the financial and networking advantages accrued to their White fathers and other relatives, husbands, and friends.

Accepted Answer

White women benefit from intergenerational wealth transfer and access to privileged social networks through their White male relatives, which contributes to racial disparities in wealth and opportunity.

Question 15

All the "pioneering" women in the criminal legal system were concerned with advancing gender equality.

Accepted Answer

While many pioneering women in the criminal legal system were concerned with gender equality, their motivations, goals, and areas of focus varied widely, including reforming the legal system, advocating for children's rights, or improving prison conditions, not solely advancing gender equality.

Question 16

White privilege resulted in the first "trailblazers" largely being White.

Accepted Answer

White privilege refers to the advantages that White people have in society due to their skin color. This privilege has historically allowed White people to be the first to achieve certain accomplishments and milestones, such as being the first to hold political office, enter certain professions, or attend certain universities. This is why the first "trailblazers" were largely White, and is an example of how systemic biases can limit opportunities for people of other races.

Question 17

Title VII is viewed by many scholars as the greatest motivation for hiring women into nongendered jobs in men's prisons.

Accepted Answer

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of sex, among other protected characteristics. This has been seen as a significant driver for increasing diversity in traditionally male-dominated fields, including corrections and law enforcement.

Question 18

The Title VII doctrine focuses on the modern concept of sex discrimination.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Title VII doctrine focuses on the...

Question 19

Title VII is very costly to litigate.

Accepted Answer

Title VII claims involve complicated legal issues and require extensive discovery, which makes litigation very expensive.

Question 20

According to some scholars, academics are equally interested in corrections works and inmates.

Accepted Answer

Scholars argue that academics often focus more on correctional institutions and their operations than on the inmates themselves, leading to a disparity in research attention.

Quiz 11: Women Working in Prisons and Jails