Question 1

What is the common psychological label for the developmental period during which a child has reached sexual maturity but has not yet taken on the rights and responsibilities of the adult status?

Accepted Answer

Adolescence is the common psychological label for the developmental period during which a child has reached sexual maturity but has not yet taken on the rights and responsibilities of the adult status.

Question 2

What is the common term for the developmental period during which an individual has achieved the adult status prescribed by norms and laws of a particular society?

Accepted Answer

Adulthood is the common term used for the developmental period during which an individual has achieved the adult status prescribed by norms and laws of a particular society. Parenthood refers specifically to the stage of adulthood when an individual becomes a parent. Legal status is a broader term that refers to an individual's legal standing or rights within a society. Old age refers to the later stages of life when an individual is considered elderly. Age of responsibility is a term that is sometimes used to refer to the point in an individual's life when they are legally responsible for their actions (e.g. reaching the age of majority).

Question 3

The term "_______" refers to the view of oneself as an individual and a member of society.

Accepted Answer

The term "identity" refers to how an individual views themselves both as an individual and as part of a larger community or society. This includes their understanding of their own personality, values, and beliefs, as well as their cultural, social, and political affiliations. It is an important aspect of psychological development and can have a significant impact on an individual's behavior and life choices.

Question 4

What is the common psychological label for the period from birth to approximately two years of age when the individual acquires initial motor, cognitive, and social skills?

Accepted Answer

This period is commonly referred to as "infancy" in psychology. It is characterized by significant growth and development, including the acquisition of basic motor, cognitive, and social skills.

Question 5

The term "________" refers to the period of physical wearing and decline.

Accepted Answer

Late adulthood is the period of life that is commonly associated with physical decline and wearing, including changes in mobility, cognitive functioning, and overall health. Maturity is a broader term that can describe the period of development leading up to late adulthood, but it is not necessarily associated with physical decline. "Cry off," "recession," and "depression" are not relevant terms for describing the physical changes associated with late adulthood.

Question 6

The term "________" refers to the rituals that recognize an individual's movement from one status to another.

Accepted Answer

The term "rites of passage" specifically refers to the rituals or ceremonies that mark an individual's transition from one social status or identity to another, such as from childhood to adolescence or from student to graduate. Options A, B, D, and E are not specific to this definition.

Question 7

What is the name of the process by which an individual becomes a member of a particular culture and takes on its values, beliefs, and behaviors?

Accepted Answer

The process by which an individual becomes a member of a particular culture and takes on its values, beliefs, and behaviors is known as socialization.

Question 8

Parents expect their children to acquire particular skills (such as walking, talking, etc.) by certain ages. This set of expectations is called the:

Accepted Answer

The set of expectations that parents have for their children to acquire particular skills by certain ages is commonly referred to as a developmental time-table. This time-table is used to gauge whether or not a child is developing typically, and can indicate if there are any areas where the child may need additional support or intervention.

Question 9

What is the name of the theoretical view that suggests that adults acquire attitudes and behaviors early in life and tend not to change them later?

Accepted Answer

The theoretical view that suggests that adults acquire attitudes and behaviors early in life and tend not to change them later is called the Persistence Model.

Question 10

________ refers to the changes in physical, physiological and social behavior as experienced by individuals across the life span from conception to death.

Accepted Answer

Human development refers to the changes individuals experience throughout their lifespan, including physical, psychological, and social changes, from prenatal development through old age and death. Socialization, on the other hand, refers to the process by which individuals learn and internalize the norms, values, and behaviors of their culture. Maturation refers to the process of growth and development that is determined by genetics and biological factors, rather than environmental influences. Identity and adulthood both refer to specific stages in human development, rather than the overall process of development throughout the lifespan.

Question 11

More than 3,300 adolescents from 12 countries responded to the question about how many children they would love to have in the future. In most countries, on average, adolescents preferred:

Accepted Answer

On average, adolescents across various countries tend to prefer having between two and three children, reflecting a common middle ground between having a single child and a larger family. This preference balances the desire for children with considerations of resources, personal goals, and societal norms.

Question 12

According to psychologist Lev Vygotsky, what kind of children's interaction is most likely to advance their intellectual development?

Accepted Answer

According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, children's intellectual development is advanced through guided participation in activities with a knowledgeable partner who can challenge and extend their thinking. This partner could be a teacher, parent, or other more experienced individual who can help the child learn and master new skills and knowledge. Interaction with peers can also be beneficial, but it is not as effective as guided interaction with a more knowledgeable partner. The media and stressful situations are less likely to promote intellectual development, and biological factors play a role but they are not the only determinant.

Question 13

Piaget proposed several stages of development that appear to be _______________.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's stages of development are considered universal across cultures, as his research was conducted with children from various cultures and backgrounds.

Question 14

Erikson's theory of development has been criticized by psychologists for mixing objective descriptions with _______________.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory has been criticized for mixing objective descriptions with subjective prescriptions, which means he often included his own subjective opinions and values in his descriptions of development stages.

Question 15

Erikson's theory of socialization is better applied to societies that practice a certain type of socialization emphasizing independence and free self-expression. What is the name of this type?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of socialization is better applied to societies that practice "broad" socialization, which emphasizes independence and free self-expression. This approach is characteristic of many Western societies where individualism and personal achievement are highly valued.

Question 16

According to the World Health Organization, more than 20 million unsafe abortions take place every year, mostly in _______________.

Accepted Answer

According to the World Health Organization, unsafe abortions mostly occur in developing countries.

Question 17

The lowest mortality rate these days is found in:

Accepted Answer

According to the World Health Organization's 2019 statistics, Iceland has the lowest mortality rate of all the listed countries.

Question 18

Qualitative research in New Zealand with Samoan men shows that the overt expression of emotion or feelings toward children was generally regarded as improper because, as fathers tended to believe, _______________.

Accepted Answer

The passage implies that Samoan fathers believe that their children have to learn the value of humility first before learning about expressing emotions or feelings. Therefore, the overt expression of emotion or feelings toward children was generally regarded as improper.

Question 19

Societal expectations affect the way people interpret intelligence. For example, in Western cultures, fluid intelligence is particularly valued. Which of the following most accurately characterizes fluid intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to form concepts, think abstractly, and apply knowledge to new situations. This type of intelligence is highly valued in Western cultures and is believed to be important for problem-solving and adaptability.

Question 20

Adults acquire attitudes and learn behaviors early in life and tend not to change them later. Which psychological model introduces this view?

Accepted Answer

The concept that adults acquire attitudes and learn behaviors early in life and tend not to change them later aligns with the psychological model of persistence. This model suggests that personality traits and patterns of behavior are relatively stable over time and resistant to change.

Quiz 8: Human Development and Socialization