Question 1

There is a need for knowledge about effective control of oral biofilm because a high percentage of the population exhibits some type of periodontal disease.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 50% to 90% of the population exhibits some type of periodontal disease indicating a corresponding need for knowledge about effective oral biofilm control.

Question 2

An acceptable and efficient dental index of an individual need only evaluate a few select teeth. Healthy dental plaque contains aerobic, gram-negative rods and cocci and a few motile organisms.

Accepted Answer

Bacteria associated with healthy dental plaque are aerobic gram-positive rods and cocci, with very few motile species. An acceptable dental index of an individual should evaluate the entire dentition rather than a few select teeth.

Question 3

The most commonly used disclosing ingredient is:

Accepted Answer

Erythrosine dye is the most commonly used ingredient in disclosants.

Question 4

Oral biofilm in a healthy mouth is located mainly supragingivally but grows subgingivally in plaque-induced gingival disease. In the presence of mature bacterial plaque, the host immune response is activated.

Accepted Answer

Oral biofilm begins as supragingival and subgingival biofilm does not form until the relationship between the tooth and the gingiva is altered, for example, by inflammation in gingivitis. As plaque matures and produces toxins, the host immune response is activated.

Question 5

Retention and control of oral plaque is influenced by various contributory factors. Select all of the factors that influence oral biofilm retention and its removal.

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic tooth stain does not influence biofilm retention and removal.

Question 6

A major risk factor for caries and periodontal diseases is:

Accepted Answer

Materia alba, food debris, and extrinsic stain are not major risk factors for caries and periodontal diseases.

Question 7

Plaque biofilm is a complex community of self-sustaining microorganisms. Which of the following are characteristic of oral biofilm? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Resistant to essential oils, bacteria in biofilm relocate to state a new community, and composed of loosely attached and unattached, free-flowing bacteria are characteristics of oral biofilm. Plaque biofilm is a transparent nonmineralized mass of bacteria colonies.

Question 8

Bacterial plaque as a biofilm is a risk factor for periodontal disease and oral malodor, whereas dental calculus does not cause oral disease.

Accepted Answer

Both of these statements are True. The other choices are incorrect.

Question 9

The best time to apply a disclosant is:

Accepted Answer

The best time to apply a disclosant is after the periodontal assessment.

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: Plaque index (PI)
Simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S)
Calculus index (CI)
Patient hygiene performance (PHP)

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Assesses the presence and extent of both is...

Question 11

Dental plaque as a transparent film can be detected in several ways. Select all of the methods that can be used to detect dental plaque.

Accepted Answer

All options are methods for detecting dental plaque.

Question 12

Of the following variables, which is not an important variable to measure during baseline assessment?

Accepted Answer

The location, amount and extent of oral biofilm, stain and calculus, and to a lesser degree food debris are important variables to measure and record during baseline assessment.

Question 13

Match between columns
                        Premises: Subgingival calculus
Dental plaque
Acquired pellicle
Materia alba

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Unstructured, homogeneous film adhering to the tooth is...

Question 14

A significant percentage of the population exhibits some type of periodontal disease. Effective oral hygiene assessment provides which of the following benefits? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

All items are benefits of effective oral hygiene assessment.

Question 15

Disease occurs when bacteria cause destruction that exceeds the reparative ability of the host. Furthermore, the quantity (amount) of the plaque is more important than the types (quality) of microorganisms present.

Accepted Answer

Disease occurs when bacteria cause destruction that exceeds the reparative ability of the host and the quality of the plaque is more important than the quantity present.

Question 16

A dental index converts specific clinical observations into a numeric value (score) to measure the level of oral hygiene of an individual or population. A high numeric value or index score indicates good oral hygiene.

Accepted Answer

The first statement is an accurate definition of a dental index. A low numeric value or index score indicates good oral hygiene.

Question 17

What is the correct order of the stages in dental biofilm formation?
1) Lag in bacterial growth with filamentous forms replaced by cocci
2) Clinically evident inflammation with activation of host immune response
3) Deposition of salivary components
4) Slime matrix produced to protect microcolonies of polysaccharides

Accepted Answer

The stages of biofilm formation are initial adherence, lag phase, and colonization followed by steady state.

Question 18

Which of the following bacteria is not associated with a healthy periodontium?

Accepted Answer

Treponema is associated with dental plaque-induced gingival disease, not a healthy periodontium.

Quiz 17: Oral Hygiene Assessment: Soft and Hard Deposits