Question 1

Here is an equity equation for Louis and Rita,both of whom agree that all figures are accurate: Louis: Rita:
Outcomes = 19 Outcomes = 10
Inputs = 7 Inputs = 5
According to equity theory
A)Rita should be experiencing inequity.
B)Louis should be experiencing equity.
C)Louis and Rita should be experiencing equity.
D)Rita and Louis should be experiencing job satisfaction.
E)None of the above

Accepted Answer

According to the equity theory, individuals compare the ratio of their inputs (effort, skills, time, etc.) to their outcomes (pay, recognition, etc.) to the ratio of those around them, known as referents. In this case, Louis has a ratio of 19/7, which simplifies to 2.71. Rita has a ratio of 10/5, which simplifies to 2. Louis's ratio is higher than Rita's, indicating that he has a better outcome-input ratio. Therefore, Rita may be experiencing inequity because she perceives that Louis is receiving more outcomes relative to his inputs compared to herself.

Question 2

Job satisfaction research has pointed to the influence of dispositional factors because
A)identical twins raised apart tend to have similar levels of job satisfaction.
B)job satisfaction is stable over time, regardless of current employer.
C)adolescent dispositional measures correlate with job satisfaction.
D)optimists with realistic thinking processes are more likely to be satisfied.
E)All of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed indicate how dispositional factors influence job satisfaction. Identical twins raised apart share genetic and dispositional traits, which can be seen in their similar levels of job satisfaction. Job satisfaction tends to be stable over time, suggesting that dispositional factors play a role in shaping one's overall satisfaction with work. Research has also found that adolescent dispositional measures can predict future job satisfaction. Lastly, optimists who have a realistic perspective are more likely to be satisfied in their jobs, which is also related to dispositional factors.

Question 3

What job satisfaction facets does the Job Descriptive Index measure?
A)Work, security, people, pay, promotions
B)Work, security, people, rewards, promotions
C)Work, supervision, people, rewards, promotions
D)Work, supervision, people, pay, promotions
E)Security, people, pay, rewards, promotions

Accepted Answer

The Job Descriptive Index (JDI) measures job satisfaction in five specific facets, which are work, supervision, people, pay, and promotions. Choice D lists all five of these facets correctly, making it the best choice. Choices A, B, and E are incorrect because they either omit or incorrectly label one or more of the facets.

Question 4

Alice perceives her job inputs as high and her job outcomes as high.Alice perceives Jane's inputs as low and her outcomes as low.Jane's perceptions are identical to Alice's in all respects.According to equity theory
A)both women are experiencing inequity.
B)Alice experiences inequity but Jane doesn't.
C)Jane experiences inequity but Alice doesn't.
D)both women are experiencing equity.
E)both women should earn exactly the same income.

Accepted Answer

Both Alice and Jane perceive their inputs and outcomes as equal, and therefore they are experiencing equity. In other words, they both believe that they are receiving fair compensation for the work they are doing. The fact that Alice perceives Jane's inputs and outcomes as lower than hers does not necessarily mean that Jane is experiencing inequity - it simply means that Alice perceives a difference in their situations. Equity theory is concerned with individuals' perceptions of fairness, not with objective measures of inputs and outcomes.

Question 5

Distributive fairness results in
A)equity.
B)procedural fairness.
C)cognitive dissonance.
D)work centrality.
E)disposition.

Accepted Answer

Distributive fairness refers to the perception of fairness in the distribution of rewards or outcomes. This leads to equity, which is a sense of fairness in terms of what people receive based on their contribution or effort. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

Question 6

Discrepancy theory suggests that job dissatisfaction develops when
A)supervisors and employees differ radically in their values.
B)workers don't see their jobs as offering what they want.
C)job outcomes don't match job inputs.
D)work is unchallenging and repetitive.
E)workers begin to take benefits for granted.

Accepted Answer

Discrepancy theory posits that job dissatisfaction arises when there is a gap between what employees want from their jobs and what they perceive they are actually receiving.

Question 7

People with the following personality traits tend to be more satisfied with their jobs.
A)Extraverted and open to experience
B)Extraverted and conscientious
C)Open to experience and conscientious
D)Open to experience and agreeable
E)Extraverted and high in neuroticism

Accepted Answer

The answer of People with the following personality traits tend...

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a job input,according to equity theory?
A)Education
B)Pay
C)Seniority
D)Hard work
E)Experience

Accepted Answer

According to equity theory, job inputs include factors like education, seniority, hard work, and experience that an individual contributes to a job. Pay is considered an outcome, not an input.

Question 9

What are emotions?
A)Intense, often long-lived, feelings caused by a particular event
B)Subtle, often long-lived, diffuse feelings
C)Intense, often short-lived, diffuse feelings
D)Intense, often short-lived, feelings caused by a particular event
E)Subtle, often short-lived, diffuse feelings

Accepted Answer

Emotions are intense, often short-lived, feelings that are caused by a particular event.

Question 10

One reason why two people performing the same job may have different attitudes towards that job is that
A)they may differ in their perceptions concerning the actual nature of the job.
B)they may differ in their beliefs about the job.
C)they may differ in what they want from the job.
D)they may have different work values.
E)all of the above.

Accepted Answer

All of the above can be reasons why two people performing the same job may have different attitudes towards that job. Perceptions, beliefs, wants, and work values can all influence how individuals approach and feel about their job.

Question 11

To increase the overall job satisfaction of an employee
A)increase organizational citizenship behaviour.
B)create a discrepancy between desired and actual outcomes.
C)use the Job Descriptive Index.
D)increase facet satisfaction.
E)reduce turnover.

Accepted Answer

Increasing facet satisfaction means focusing on specific aspects of the job that can be improved, such as pay, communication, and opportunities for advancement. This can lead to a direct increase in overall job satisfaction. A, B, C, and E are also important factors in increasing job satisfaction, but they may not directly address the specific needs and wants of the employee in terms of their job satisfaction.

Question 12

Tom recently started working at his fifth job in ten years.Tom has been happy at all of his jobs.This suggests that his job satisfaction is
A)a product of distributive fairness.
B)mainly due to situational factors.
C)partially due to his disposition.
D)a product of procedural fairness.
E)highest when the employment opportunity is only short term.

Accepted Answer

Tom's job satisfaction has been consistent across his various jobs, suggesting that it is partially due to his disposition or personality. It is unlikely that distributive or procedural fairness, or the length of the employment opportunity, are the main drivers of his job satisfaction, as these factors can vary greatly between different jobs. Situational factors may play a role, but they alone cannot fully explain Tom's consistent job satisfaction across different work environments.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of affect events theory and job satisfaction?
A)The tendency for people to conform to certain "display rules" in their job satisfaction in spite of their mood or emotions
B)The tendency for job satisfaction to spread between people or throughout a group
C)When certain "shocks" such as an unsolicited job offer lowers one's job satisfaction and leads to turnover
D)Seeing a co-worker receiving more outcomes even though your inputs are greater lowers one's job satisfaction.
E)Seeing a co-worker being put down by a manager provokes emotional anger and lowers one's job satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

Affect events theory (AET) focuses on how workplace events cause emotional reactions, which then influence attitudes and behaviors at work. Choice E directly illustrates this by describing how witnessing a negative event (a co-worker being put down by a manager) provokes an emotional response (anger) and leads to a change in job satisfaction.

Question 14

Mark says that he is happy with his salary,but finds that his job is not very challenging.This illustrates the concept of
A)discrepancy.
B)inequity.
C)facet satisfaction.
D)distributive fairness.
E)procedural fairness.

Accepted Answer

Facet satisfaction refers to the satisfaction one feels about a specific aspect of their job, such as salary, work conditions, or the nature of the work itself. In this case, Mark is satisfied with his salary (a specific facet of his job) but is not satisfied with the challenge his job presents, illustrating the concept of facet satisfaction.

Question 15

An informal term for emotional regulation is emotional ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An informal term for emotional regulation is...

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE?
A)Pay is often considered an input in equity theory.
B)The Job Descriptive Index measures job satisfaction.
C)The Job Descriptive Index measures how happy employees are with various aspects of their job.
D)The values held by members of various occupations are remarkably similar.
E)The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire uses responses of "yes," "no," and "I don't know."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is TRUE?
A)Pay is...

Question 17

The collection of attitudes that workers have about their jobs is called
A)discrepancy.
B)equity.
C)performance.
D)job satisfaction.
E)beliefs.

Accepted Answer

Job satisfaction refers to the collection of attitudes that workers have about their jobs, including their level of enjoyment, fulfillment, and fulfillment with their work. The other options are not directly related to attitudes about one's job.

Question 18

Carefully applying equity theory should have a direct effect upon
A)procedural fairness.
B)cognitive dissonance.
C)discrepancy theory.
D)distributive fairness.
E)interactional fairness.

Accepted Answer

Equity theory focuses on the concept of distributive fairness, which involves perceived fairness in the distribution of rewards or outcomes. By carefully applying equity theory, individuals can ensure that the distribution of rewards is perceived as fair and equitable among individuals in a given situation. The other options listed are not directly related to equity theory.

Question 19

What are moods?
A)Intense, long-lived, diffuse feelings
B)Not so intense, often short-lived, diffuse feelings
C)Not so intense, long-lived, diffuse feelings
D)Intense, often short-lived, feelings caused by a particular event
E)Not so intense, long-lived, feelings caused by a particular event

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are moods?
A)Intense, long-lived, diffuse feelings
B)Not so...

Question 20

Which of the following would NOT be part of an equity equation involving you and your co-worker Darlene?
A)Your inputs
B)Darlene's inputs
C)Darlene's outputs
D)Your outcomes
E)Darlene's outcomes

Accepted Answer

An equity equation involves the inputs and outcomes of both parties. Darlene's outputs are not relevant to the equity equation as they only represent her own productivity without considering the inputs and outcomes of the other person involved, which is you in this case.

Quiz 4: Values,Attitudes,and Work Behaviour

Here is an equity equation for Louis and Rita,both of whom agree that all figures are accurate: Louis: Rita: Outcomes = 19 Outcomes = 10 Inputs = 7 Inputs = 5 According to equity theory

Job satisfaction research has pointed to the influence of dispositional factors because

What job satisfaction facets does the Job Descriptive Index measure?

Alice perceives her job inputs as high and her job outcomes as high.Alice perceives Jane's inputs as low and her outcomes as low.Jane's perceptions are identical to Alice's in all respects.According to equity theory

Distributive fairness results in

Discrepancy theory suggests that job dissatisfaction develops when

People with the following personality traits tend to be more satisfied with their jobs.

Which of the following is NOT a job input,according to equity theory?

What are emotions?

One reason why two people performing the same job may have different attitudes towards that job is that

To increase the overall job satisfaction of an employee

Tom recently started working at his fifth job in ten years.Tom has been happy at all of his jobs.This suggests that his job satisfaction is

Which of the following is an example of affect events theory and job satisfaction?

Mark says that he is happy with his salary,but finds that his job is not very challenging.This illustrates the concept of

An informal term for emotional regulation is emotional ________.

Which of the following is TRUE?

The collection of attitudes that workers have about their jobs is called

Carefully applying equity theory should have a direct effect upon

What are moods?

Which of the following would NOT be part of an equity equation involving you and your co-worker Darlene?