Question 1

As described in the textbook, in 1991 the B.C. Forest Alliance tried to counter the growing appeal of the province's environmental movement. Which of the following describes how the strategies they used can be seen as frame alignment?
A) By oversimplifying the extent of job losses, they tried to appeal to B.C. citizens who might otherwise be sympathetic to environmental concerns.
B) By making derogatory comments about environmentalists, such as describing them as hippies and dope smokers, they tried to shame people into opposing environmental legislation.
C) By holding a concert featuring the British Columbia Symphony Orchestra, they tried to distract B.C. citizens from environmental issues.
D) By promising to increase the local wages of the remaining paper industry workers they tried to disrupt solidarity in the working class.

Accepted Answer

The B.C. Forest Alliance used frame alignment by oversimplifying job losses to appeal to citizens who might otherwise support environmental concerns, aligning their message with the economic interests of the public.

Question 2

Which of the following conditions decreases the opportunities for collective action?
A) when privileged groups are socially cohesive
B) when privileged groups are less status conscious
C) when privileged groups decrease their social control
D) when privileged groups are less class conscious

Accepted Answer

When privileged groups are socially cohesive, they are more likely to work together to maintain their status and power, which decreases the opportunities for collective action by other groups.

Question 3

Solidarity theory classifies making concessions to protestors, co-opting the most troublesome leaders, and violently repressing collective action as examples of which of the following?
A) social control
B) declarations of amnesty
C) resource mobilization
D) political opportunism

Accepted Answer

Solidarity theory classifies making concessions to protestors, co-opting the most troublesome leaders, and violently repressing collective action as examples of social control. This refers to the various measures that are taken by those in power to maintain social order and stability by managing and regulating people's behavior, usually in ways that reinforce the existing power structures and inequalities.

Question 4

Solidarity theorists argue for the importance of which of the following in the emergence of social movements?
A) frame alignment
B) strain
C) political opportunities
D) breakdown

Accepted Answer

The answer of Solidarity theorists argue for the importance of...

Question 5

Which of the following approaches to the study of social movements uses the symbolic interactionist perspective?
A) relative deprivation theory
B) resource mobilization
C) frame alignment
D) solidarity theory

Accepted Answer

Frame alignment theory, which focuses on how individuals and groups come to share the same set of understandings about a social movement and its goals, is a perspective within the symbolic interactionist approach. This theory emphasizes the importance of shared meanings and symbols in building collective action and creating a sense of solidarity among movement participants.

Question 6

Prior to the 1960s, social movements began as underprivileged groups attempting to broaden citizenship rights. Which of the following best describes their subsequent history?
A) They rapidly became successful global movements and then, starting in the early 1990s, began to fade.
B) They grew slowly and today there are social movements whose membership numbers in the thousands in many major cities, some even having membership that spans several provinces.
C) They have since expanded to global movements.
D) Social movements have never grown beyond marginal status in all but a few, albeit notable, exceptions.

Accepted Answer

Social movements have expanded beyond national borders and have become global movements. This is evident in the example of feminist and environmental movements which have global reach and impact.

Question 7

The current women's movement is an example of which of the following?
A) a reform movement
B) a frame alignment movement
C) a new social movement
D) a structural transformation movement

Accepted Answer

The current women's movement is a new social movement, which seeks to challenge social norms, cultural values, and the overall structure of society. It is not just a reform movement seeking incremental changes or a frame alignment movement aimed at changing individuals' perceptions and attitudes. Nor is it a structural transformation movement aimed at fundamental changes in the economic and political systems.

Question 8

Jason and a few of his classmates are upset about tuition increases. They want to start a student group to protest these increases. In his sociology class he learned about frame alignment theory and it seemed like an excellent idea to him. Which of the following strategies would frame alignment suggest he pursue?
A) build up solidarity with student unions in other provinces
B) reach out to other marginalized students to form a core leadership
C) build up a network of contacts in the government and in business
D) reach out to other groups who might be sympathetic, such as anti-poverty organizations and parent groups

Accepted Answer

Frame alignment theory emphasizes the importance of creating alliances and building coalitions with groups who might be sympathetic to your cause. Option D suggests reaching out to other groups who might share similar concerns and interests, such as anti-poverty organizations and parent groups. This strategy would help Jason and his classmates to build a broader base of support and strengthen their message when advocating against tuition increases.

Question 9

What component of solidarity theory was exemplified when, after the Middle East oil crisis of 1973, governments had to cut back on social welfare programs and there were fewer strikes?
A) industrial craft mobility
B) population immobility
C) inflated unionism
D) resource mobilization

Accepted Answer

Resource mobilization is highlighted in this scenario, as it refers to the process by which groups acquire and manage resources such as money, political support, and labor to achieve their objectives. In the context of the Middle East oil crisis of 1973, governments had to cut back on social welfare programs due to economic constraints, which could have led to a decrease in strikes because unions and workers might have recognized the limited resources available for addressing their demands.

Question 10

On June 15, 2000, when members of the Ontario Coalition Against Poverty (OCAP) staged a demonstration in front of the legislature at Queen's Park, police recorded the demonstration. Which of the following is this an example of?
A) social control
B) anarchy
C) the futility of using demonstrations to create social change
D) government indifference to public concerns

Accepted Answer

This is an example of social control, as police are monitoring and recording the demonstration to maintain order and prevent any potential disruption or violence.

Question 11

According to solidarity theory, how do disadvantaged groups become more powerful?
A) by holding mass rallies
B) by mobilizing resources
C) by narrowing their electoral base
D) by increasing member skills

Accepted Answer

According to solidarity theory, disadvantaged groups become more powerful by mobilizing resources. This could mean organizing and pooling financial resources, building networks of support, and leveraging social and cultural capital to increase their influence and achieve their goals. Holding rallies, narrowing electoral base, and increasing member skills may also be part of the strategy, but they are not the core mechanism through which disadvantaged groups gain power under solidarity theory.

Question 12

Just prior to a strike by union employees on a university campus, union members spend a lot of money on pamphlets stating why students have the same interests as the soon-to-be-striking employees, and why they should support them. What do the union's actions illustrate?
A) impression management
B) frame alignment
C) public relations
D) strategic marketing

Accepted Answer

The union's actions illustrate frame alignment, as they are attempting to align the frames of the students with their own in order to gain their support for the impending strike.

Question 13

According to solidarity theory, collective action and social movements become effective when disadvantaged groups become more powerful. They also occur under which of the following circumstances?
A) when elites and privileged groups become divided and weaker
B) when, disenchanted, the poor withdraw from politics
C) when elites struggle against social movements
D) when elites focus on protecting their privilege

Accepted Answer

Solidarity theory suggests that collective action and social movements gain effectiveness not only when disadvantaged groups become more powerful but also when elites and privileged groups become divided and weaker, as this division reduces their ability to suppress or counteract the movements.

Question 14

Robert Brym's efforts to initiate protest among his fellow students over air pollution by a paper mill did not succeed. According to frame alignment theory, which of the following best explains his failure to convince his classmates to join his social movement?
A) He did not provide charismatic leadership.
B) He failed to build bridges between his understanding of the situation and theirs.
C) He was unsuccessful in finding other marginalized people to form a core leadership group.
D) He failed to identify which groups lived in relative deprivation and would therefore be most likely to support his initiative.

Accepted Answer

According to frame alignment theory, successful social movements require the ability to build bridges between the understanding of the individual and the collective understanding. Brym's failure to convince his classmates to join his social movement suggests that he failed to align his frame (understanding of the problem) with that of his classmates.

Question 15

According to solidarity theory, the nature of government reactions to protests influences subsequent protests. What is the term used by solidarity theorists to describe government response to protests?
A) legal rationality
B) utilitarian ways and means
C) social control
D) anomic constraints

Accepted Answer

Solidarity theorists use the term "social control" to describe government responses to protests, as they argue that the nature of these responses can either encourage or discourage further protests.

Question 16

What are the organizers of a protest movement trying to do when they invite rock, punk, or reggae bands to play at nuclear disarmament rallies or gay liberation festivals?
A) reduce strain
B) entertain the members
C) attract new members
D) realign frames

Accepted Answer

By inviting bands of different genres to play at a protest, the organizers are more likely to attract new members who may not have been previously interested in the cause but are fans of the band. It can also bring a sense of energy and excitement to the protest, making it a more appealing event to attend.

Question 17

Solidarity theory proposes that governments can try to lower the frequency and intensity of protest using which of the following means?
A) resource mobilization
B) political opportunities
C) instrumental activism
D) social control

Accepted Answer

Solidarity theory suggests that governments can use social control to reduce the frequency and intensity of protest. Social control measures can include various forms of repression, such as increased police presence, arrests, and limitations on freedom of assembly and speech. While resource mobilization, political opportunities, and instrumental activism are important factors in understanding social movements, they are not strategies that governments would use to decrease protest activity.

Question 18

What term is used for the process by which individual interests, beliefs, and values either become or fail to become congruent with the activities, ideas, and goals of the members of the movement?
A) contagion
B) strain
C) frame alignment
D) resource mobilization

Accepted Answer

The term used for the process by which individual interests, beliefs, and values either become or fail to become congruent with the activities, ideas, and goals of the members of the movement is frame alignment. This refers to the process of bridging the gap between individual frames and the collective frames of the social movement.

Question 19

What does the emergence of the peace, environmental, human rights, gay rights, and women's movements involve?
A) extension of citizenship rights to all adult members of society as a whole
B) fanatics of each society who operate in the isolation of their eccentricities
C) support from more traditional societal groups
D) actions of extremists

Accepted Answer

The emergence of these movements involves an extension of citizenship rights to all adult members of society as a whole, as they seek to promote equality and justice for marginalized groups. This is a key aspect of achieving a more just and equitable society.

Question 20

Highly educated people who belong to social, educational, and cultural fields are well represented in which of the following?
A) old social movements
B) violent civil demonstrations
C) new social movements
D) non-violent civil demonstrations

Accepted Answer

New social movements often attract highly educated individuals who are focused on social, educational, and cultural issues, distinguishing them from older movements that might have been more focused on economic or political issues.

Quiz 13: Technology, the Environment, and Social Movements

As described in the textbook, in 1991 the B.C. Forest Alliance tried to counter the growing appeal of the province's environmental movement. Which of the following describes how the strategies they used can be seen as frame alignment?

Which of the following conditions decreases the opportunities for collective action?

Solidarity theory classifies making concessions to protestors, co-opting the most troublesome leaders, and violently repressing collective action as examples of which of the following?

Solidarity theorists argue for the importance of which of the following in the emergence of social movements?

Which of the following approaches to the study of social movements uses the symbolic interactionist perspective?

Prior to the 1960s, social movements began as underprivileged groups attempting to broaden citizenship rights. Which of the following best describes their subsequent history?

The current women's movement is an example of which of the following?

What component of solidarity theory was exemplified when, after the Middle East oil crisis of 1973, governments had to cut back on social welfare programs and there were fewer strikes?

On June 15, 2000, when members of the Ontario Coalition Against Poverty (OCAP) staged a demonstration in front of the legislature at Queen's Park, police recorded the demonstration. Which of the following is this an example of?

According to solidarity theory, how do disadvantaged groups become more powerful?

Just prior to a strike by union employees on a university campus, union members spend a lot of money on pamphlets stating why students have the same interests as the soon-to-be-striking employees, and why they should support them. What do the union's actions illustrate?

According to solidarity theory, collective action and social movements become effective when disadvantaged groups become more powerful. They also occur under which of the following circumstances?

Robert Brym's efforts to initiate protest among his fellow students over air pollution by a paper mill did not succeed. According to frame alignment theory, which of the following best explains his failure to convince his classmates to join his social movement?

According to solidarity theory, the nature of government reactions to protests influences subsequent protests. What is the term used by solidarity theorists to describe government response to protests?

What are the organizers of a protest movement trying to do when they invite rock, punk, or reggae bands to play at nuclear disarmament rallies or gay liberation festivals?

Solidarity theory proposes that governments can try to lower the frequency and intensity of protest using which of the following means?

What term is used for the process by which individual interests, beliefs, and values either become or fail to become congruent with the activities, ideas, and goals of the members of the movement?

What does the emergence of the peace, environmental, human rights, gay rights, and women's movements involve?

Highly educated people who belong to social, educational, and cultural fields are well represented in which of the following?