Question 1

Which of the following severely impedes women from labour market earnings on par with men?

Accepted Answer

Marriage and children often have a significant impact on women's ability to earn on par with men due to societal expectations that women primarily take care of domestic responsibilities and childcare, limiting their ability to work full-time or advance in their careers.

Question 2

Katarina,a graduate student,is often physically assaulted by her boyfriend,but because she shares her situation with over one-quarter of other students,it seems to be normal.Which of the following countries does Katarina most likely live in?

Accepted Answer

According to the World Health Organization, Greece has one of the highest rates of intimate partner violence in Europe, with around one in three women experiencing physical or sexual violence from a partner. This suggests that Katarina is most likely living in Greece.

Question 3

According to the textbook,what do all forms of sexual assault involve?

Accepted Answer

All forms of sexual assault involve the use of power, domination, and humiliation over another person. This can occur in many different ways, including physical force, coercion, verbal abuse, or emotional manipulation. Sexual assault is always a violation of a person's bodily autonomy and can have serious long-term consequences for victims.

Question 4

At her new job,Maryanne is invited out to a working lunch by her boss and told that if she has is really nice to the clients he brings in,she will quickly advance up the corporate ladder.What is this situation specifically known as?

Accepted Answer

This situation is specifically known as quid pro quo sexual harassment, which involves the exchange of job benefits or opportunities for sexual favors or attention. In this case, Maryanne is being offered advancement in exchange for being "nice" to clients, implying that she should use her sexuality to please them.

Question 5

Linda is a firefighter who works in a fire house,where all of the others are male.She puts up with sexual innuendos,derogatory comments about her abilities as firefighter,and "practical jokes" like having the hot water turned off every time she showers.What is Linda experiencing in her workplace?

Accepted Answer

Linda is experiencing hostile environment sexual harassment, which is defined as behavior that creates an intimidating or offensive work environment based on sex. The sexual innuendos, derogatory comments, and practical jokes all contribute to a hostile work environment for Linda.

Question 6

Overall,according to the textbook,why have women earned less than men?

Accepted Answer

The textbook states that women have earned less than men because skills in female-dominated jobs are undervalued. Women have been concentrated in low-paying positions, and stereotypical views of women's abilities have led to their work being considered less valuable.

Question 7

Bruce works in construction with several other men while his wife Charlene works as a nurse,mainly with other women.Their situation reflects a common pattern all across Canada.What do sociologists call this pattern?

Accepted Answer

The pattern described in the scenario, where individuals of a certain gender dominate certain occupations, is called occupational sex segregation. This phenomenon refers to the tendency for men and women to be concentrated in different types of jobs and industries, resulting in a gendered division of labor in the workplace.

Question 8

What do we call harassment that involves sexual jokes,comments,and touching that interferes with work?

Accepted Answer

Hostile environment sexual harassment involves unwelcome sexual behavior, jokes, comments, or touching that creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment that interferes with an individual's ability to perform their job.

Question 9

In Russia,medicine is a female-dominated occupation.If the situation in Canada translates to Russia,which of the following reflects what is likely about the pay?

Accepted Answer

In many countries, including Russia, female-dominated occupations tend to be paid less than male-dominated ones, even if the occupation is highly valued like medicine.

Question 10

Which of the following is a consequence of sexist jokes against women?

Accepted Answer

Sexist jokes reinforce the idea that men are superior to women and that masculinity is ideal. This can lead to harmful social attitudes and discrimination against women, but it may not necessarily lead directly to harmful behaviors like assault.

(Note: Option C and D in the original question are not valid consequences of sexist jokes against women.)

Question 11

Even though Katie does a completely different job than her brother Kevin at the processing plant,their wages are the same because they are based on the level of skill,training,and responsibility that each of them needs for the job.What do we call this situation?

Accepted Answer

This situation is an example of "equal pay for work of equal value," which means that individuals are paid the same wage for performing work that requires the same level of skill, effort, responsibility, and working conditions, regardless of their gender, race, or other personal characteristics. This is a fundamental principle of employment equity and promotes fairness and non-discrimination in the workplace. Gender equality and affirmative employment-wage action are related concepts but do not fully capture the idea of equal pay for work of equal value.

Question 12

Which of the following male athletes is most likely to sexually assault a woman?

Accepted Answer

Rugby players have been shown to have a higher rate of sexual assault than other athletes.

Question 13

Which of the following lists of aspects of male gender role socialization is the most likely to contribute to the sexual assault of women?

Accepted Answer

The aspects of male gender role socialization that emphasize dominance, control, and aggression are more likely to contribute to sexual assault of women, as they reinforce ideas of power and control over others. These traits can lead to men feeling entitled to engage in non-consensual sexual acts as a means of asserting their dominance and control over women.

Question 14

Which of the following is a measure of the comparison between women's and men's health,labour force participation,and political power?

Accepted Answer

The Gender Inequality Index (GII) is a measure of the inequality between women and men in terms of health, empowerment, and labor force participation. It measures gender inequality in three dimensions- reproductive health, empowerment, and economic activity- and scores countries accordingly.

Question 15

Hanne lives in one of the world's most gender-equal nations.In which of the following countries does she most likely live?

Accepted Answer

Norway consistently ranks among the top countries in the world in terms of gender equality, according to the Gender Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Equality Index (GEI). Canada also ranks high in these indices, but not as consistently as Norway. The United States and Japan do not rank as high in gender equality.

Question 16

Shulamith vehemently believes that women's inequality stems from the actions of men,through violence and control over politics and the economy.She believes that the only way that women can get out from under patriarchy is to stop reproducing or having relationships with men,as even the best intentioned men reproduce the harmful dynamics of patriarchy.Which theory is Shulamith's position consistent with?

Accepted Answer

Shulamith's position is consistent with radical feminism, which sees patriarchy as the root cause of women's oppression and advocates for radical changes, such as the separation of women from men and the destruction of patriarchy.

Question 17

Why do female child-care workers make less money than male general labourers?

Accepted Answer

This is due to systemic gender bias where jobs traditionally held by women are undervalued and underpaid compared to jobs traditionally held by men. Childcare work is seen as "women's work" and is therefore devalued and pays less than jobs typically held by men, like general labouring.

Question 18

What do we call harassment that takes place when sexual threats or bribery are made a condition of employment decisions?

Accepted Answer

Quid pro quo sexual harassment refers to a situation where sexual favors are demanded in return for employment benefits like promotions, bonuses, or job security. This creates a hostile work environment and is a form of sexual harassment that is illegal under anti-discrimination laws.

Question 19

Why does rape occur on a wide scale during war?

Accepted Answer

While all of the options listed may contribute to the occurrence of rape during war, research suggests that rape is often used as a method of shaming and demoralizing the enemy population. This is sometimes done publicly and in front of family members, adding to the humiliation and trauma. It is important to note that rape during a time of war is not a result of sexual desire but a deliberate act of violence and aggression.

Question 20

Which of the following is a barrier to women's full-time,full-year employment?

Accepted Answer

The lack of affordable child care is a barrier to women's full-time, full-year employment because they are often responsible for caregiving duties for children and without accessible, affordable childcare options they may have to choose between working and taking care of their children. This can limit their ability to work full-time, year-round, and advance in their careers. While the other options mentioned (double standard, sexual harassment, and unequal pay) are also barriers to women's advancement in the workforce, they may not necessarily prevent women from working full-time, year-round.

Quiz 11: Sexualities and Gender Stratification