Question 1

Beginning in the 1970s,which two countries developed bureaucratic innovations that enhanced productivity,morale,and profits?
A) Germany and France
B) Canada and China
C) Australia and Denmark
D) Japan and Sweden

Accepted Answer

Japan and Sweden both developed bureaucratic innovations in the 1970s that enhanced productivity, morale, and profits. Japan implemented the concept of "kaizen," which involves continuous improvement and was applied to both the manufacturing process and management practices. Sweden embraced the idea of "flexibility" by investing in training programs and empowering employees to make decisions in the workplace, leading to increased productivity and job satisfaction.

Question 2

Heather works for a small but highly profitable software development company.In which of the following organizational structures will Heather and her co-workers be the most satisfied with their jobs and be the most productive?
A) traditional bureaucratic structure
B) modern bureaucratic structure
C) network structure
D) vertical structure

Accepted Answer

In a small but highly profitable software development company, a network structure would be the best choice as it allows for flexibility, creativity, and innovation. This structure encourages communication and collaboration among employees, which leads to higher job satisfaction and productivity. Traditional and modern bureaucratic structures may be too rigid and hierarchical, while a vertical structure may not provide enough opportunities for cross-functional collaboration.

Question 3

Aruna works for a company in the rapidly changing computer technology industry.Which of the following organizational structures is likely to be highly efficient and successfully competitive in this industry?
A) traditional bureaucratic structure
B) modern bureaucratic structure
C) network structure
D) vertical structure

Accepted Answer

The network structure is likely to be highly efficient and successfully competitive in the rapidly changing computer technology industry as it allows for quick adaptation and collaboration among various departments, suppliers, and partners. The traditional bureaucratic structure may hinder innovation and slow down decision-making processes, while the modern bureaucratic and vertical structures may not provide the necessary flexibility and agility required in this industry.

Question 4

At each successive stage of human social evolution,what tends to happen to the human-nature relationship?
A) People become increasingly at the mercy of nature.
B) People become increasingly less able to alter their natural environment.
C) People become less reliant on nature and more able to transform it.
D) People become less dependent on what nature provides and less able to modify it.

Accepted Answer

As human society evolves, people tend to become less reliant on nature and more capable of transforming it to suit their needs. This can be seen in the development of agriculture, industry, and technology, which allow humans to shape and manipulate many aspects of the natural world to meet their needs.

Therefore, option C is the best choice for the given question.

Question 5

In what type of society did trade unions first began to appear?
A) agricultural society
B) industrial society
C) postindustrial society
D) postnatural society

Accepted Answer

Trade unions first began to appear during the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries, as workers organized to demand better wages, working conditions, and other rights from factory owners.

Question 6

Which of the following leadership styles is most effective in a crisis situation?
A) democratic leadership
B) laissez-faire leadership
C) authoritarian leadership
D) dictatorship leadership

Accepted Answer

In a crisis situation, quick decisions need to be made and clear instructions need to be given. Authoritarian leadership, where the leader makes all the decisions and gives orders, is most effective in these situations. This allows for a clear direction and swift action to be taken to resolve the crisis. Democratic leadership, where decisions are made by group consensus, and laissez-faire leadership, where the leader has minimal involvement, can lead to delays in decision-making and a lack of direction during a crisis. Dictatorship leadership also implies one-person control which might cause negative outcomes.

Question 7

Which type of society first brought widespread social inequality with it?
A) pedestrian foraging society
B) pastoral society
C) aquatic foraging society
D) agricultural society

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which type of society first brought widespread...

Question 8

Carol is employed by a high-tech firm in British Columbia doing data analysis and computer projections.Carol is part of a workforce in Canada that employs approximately what percentage of Canadians?
A) 25 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 90 percent

Accepted Answer

Approximately 75 percent of Canadians are employed in the service sector, which includes high-tech jobs like data analysis and computer projections.

Question 9

Owen is in charge of the trauma response team at a large university hospital.His job is to manage large-scale medical emergencies when they occur. He often yells orders at medical staff,and anyone who challenges him during an emergency is suspended.What is his leadership style called?
A) democratic leadership
B) laissez-faire leadership
C) authoritarian leadership
D) totalitarian leadership

Accepted Answer

Owen's leadership style can be described as authoritarian, as he gives orders and expects compliance without challenge. This type of leadership style can be effective in emergency situations, where swift action and clear directives are necessary, but can lead to employee dissatisfaction and high turnover rates in the long term.

Question 10

In which type of society did large cities first appear?
A) agricultural society
B) horticultural society
C) industrial society
D) postindustrial society

Accepted Answer

Large cities first appeared in agricultural societies, where the development of farming allowed for surplus food production. This surplus supported larger populations and led to the establishment of cities.

Question 11

Morgan runs a sociology department where he calls informal weekly coffee meetings between the monthly department meetings so that people can keep him apprised of what is happening and so that he can solicit feedback about annual departmental initiatives. How effective is his department likely to be in meeting their annual goals?
A) highly successful
B) moderately successful
C) unsuccessful
D) There is no way to tell.

Accepted Answer

By holding informal weekly coffee meetings, Morgan is creating a space where people can communicate with him regularly and provide feedback about the department's initiatives throughout the year. This helps to ensure that the department is staying on track towards meeting their goals, and also allows for any necessary adjustments to be made in a timely manner. By actively seeking and responding to feedback, the department is more likely to achieve their goals, making them highly successful.

Question 12

In all but crisis situations,which leadership style is demonstrated to be the most effective overall?
A) democratic leadership
B) laissez-faire leadership
C) authoritarian leadership
D) distributed leadership

Accepted Answer

According to research and studies, democratic leadership has been demonstrated to be the most effective overall leadership style, especially in non-crisis situations. This style involves employees in decision-making, promotes collaboration and team-building, and fosters a positive work environment. It allows for diverse ideas and opinions to be heard and valued, which can lead to more creative solutions and higher job satisfaction among employees.

Question 13

Which of the following leadership styles is least effective in most situations?
A) democratic leadership
B) laissez-faire leadership
C) authoritarian leadership
D) multi-managerial leadership

Accepted Answer

Laissez-faire leadership, where the leader avoids making decisions and delegates all decision-making to the team, is generally considered the least effective leadership style in most situations. This is because it can lead to a lack of direction, accountability, and productivity, as team members lack guidance and may not have the necessary skills to make important decisions.

Question 14

Which of the following significant events occurred during the industrial era?
A) Unionization declined.
B) Manufacturing declined.
C) Class inequality declined.
D) Gender inequality declined.

Accepted Answer

Gender inequality declined during the industrial era as women entered the workforce in large numbers, which led to increased economic independence and social mobility for women.

Question 15

Kunwaktok is the female leader of a fairly non-hierarchical group of people who live in a geographically large,abundant area,with animals,berries,and plants readily available for food.Based only on the information given here,what type of society is Kunwaktok from?
A) an equestrian foraging society
B) a pedestrian foraging society
C) an aquatic foraging society
D) a pastoral horticultural society

Accepted Answer

The fact that the people in Kunwaktok's society are foragers and have access to abundant food sources suggests that they are part of a pedestrian foraging society. The absence of hierarchical structures also supports this conclusion, as foraging societies tend to be relatively egalitarian. The other options - equestrian foraging, aquatic foraging, and pastoral horticultural societies - are less likely, as they do not fit with the information provided.

Question 16

Morgan runs a sociology department where he calls informal weekly coffee meetings between the monthly department meetings so that people can keep him apprised of what is happening and so that he can solicit feedback about annual departmental initiatives. What is his leadership style called?
A) democratic leadership
B) laissez-faire leadership
C) authoritarian leadership
D) informal-relaxed leadership

Accepted Answer

Morgan's leadership style involves actively seeking feedback and input from his team members and creating an open and inclusive environment. This aligns with the characteristics of democratic leadership, where the leader encourages participation, collaboration, and shared decision-making among the team members.

Question 17

Which of the following is one of the most significant developments of agricultural societies?
A) the development of the steam engine
B) the idea of private property
C) the invention of metal implements
D) the domestication of animals

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is one of...

Question 18

According to the textbook,how many members did most foraging communities have?
A) 6-20
B) 25-100
C) 100-150
D) 150-200

Accepted Answer

Most foraging communities typically consisted of 25-100 members, as this size allowed for effective resource management and social cohesion.

Question 19

According to the textbook,what characterizes work in a postindustrial society?
A) a shift from manufacturing to service jobs
B) a shift from agricultural to manufacturing jobs
C) more women employed than men
D) a lowered standard of living for most of the population

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, work in a postindustrial society is characterized by a shift from manufacturing to service jobs. This means that there is a greater emphasis on jobs that involve providing services rather than producing goods. Examples of service jobs include healthcare, education, hospitality, and entertainment. This shift has been fueled by technological advancements and globalization, which have made it easier to outsource manufacturing jobs to other countries.

Question 20

Owen is in charge of the trauma response team at a large university hospital.His job is to manage large-scale medical emergencies when they occur. He often yells orders at medical staff,and anyone who challenges him during an emergency is suspended.How effective is the trauma response team likely to be at coping with large-scale medical emergencies with Owen in charge?
A) highly successful
B) moderately successful
C) unsuccessful
D) There is no way to tell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Owen is in charge of the trauma...

Quiz 6: Networks, groups, bureaucracies and Societies

Beginning in the 1970s,which two countries developed bureaucratic innovations that enhanced productivity,morale,and profits?

Heather works for a small but highly profitable software development company.In which of the following organizational structures will Heather and her co-workers be the most satisfied with their jobs and be the most productive?

Aruna works for a company in the rapidly changing computer technology industry.Which of the following organizational structures is likely to be highly efficient and successfully competitive in this industry?

At each successive stage of human social evolution,what tends to happen to the human-nature relationship?

In what type of society did trade unions first began to appear?

Which of the following leadership styles is most effective in a crisis situation?

Which type of society first brought widespread social inequality with it?

Carol is employed by a high-tech firm in British Columbia doing data analysis and computer projections.Carol is part of a workforce in Canada that employs approximately what percentage of Canadians?

Owen is in charge of the trauma response team at a large university hospital.His job is to manage large-scale medical emergencies when they occur. He often yells orders at medical staff,and anyone who challenges him during an emergency is suspended.What is his leadership style called?

In which type of society did large cities first appear?

In all but crisis situations,which leadership style is demonstrated to be the most effective overall?

Which of the following leadership styles is least effective in most situations?

Which of the following significant events occurred during the industrial era?

Kunwaktok is the female leader of a fairly non-hierarchical group of people who live in a geographically large,abundant area,with animals,berries,and plants readily available for food.Based only on the information given here,what type of society is Kunwaktok from?

Morgan runs a sociology department where he calls informal weekly coffee meetings between the monthly department meetings so that people can keep him apprised of what is happening and so that he can solicit feedback about annual departmental initiatives. What is his leadership style called?

Which of the following is one of the most significant developments of agricultural societies?

According to the textbook,how many members did most foraging communities have?

According to the textbook,what characterizes work in a postindustrial society?