Question 1

Which of the following best describes the proportion of the U.S. population that is made up of persons with a long-lasting condition or disability?

Accepted Answer

In 2010, approximately 56.7 million (18.7%) of the 303.9 million civilian noninstitutionalized population aged 5 years and older had a long-lasting condition or disability. Further, it is important for health care policy makers and health care providers to recognize that the prevalence of disability is increasing.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes how many households with at least one child with a disabling condition would a school nurse working in an elementary school expect to see?

Accepted Answer

About 15.1% of households with children have at least one child with a special health care need (disabling condition).

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the problem with the viewing disability based on the Nagi model?

Accepted Answer

The Nagi model uses functional limitations, which have been defined and are measureable, to determine whether an individual is disabled. However, the current paradigm considers the environmental barriers and the perspectives of the onlooker when considering if an individual is disabled. Thus, the other options do not address the limitation of using only functional limitations.

Question 4

A nurse came limping into work with a huge cast on her right leg and asked to have an assignment for a week or two that did not require driving. The nurse said, "I never realized how difficult it is to get some places without two good legs. Now I know how persons with disabilities must feel!" Which of the following would be the most appropriate response from the nursing supervisor?

Accepted Answer

Those who have a temporary disability have a very different experience than those who are permanently disabled. Although they may experience frustrations, they view it as a temporary problem and a temporary setback. The other responses address this temporary disability as if it is similar to a permanent disability, which it clearly is not.

Question 5

A professional strongly encouraged institutionalization so the parents could focus on care of their other family members. Which of the following suggestions would be appropriate for the nurse to make to the parents?

Accepted Answer

It is a given that it is the parents' choice. As an advocate for the child, you can explain that children have a legal right to an appropriate public education based on the child's needs in the least-restrictive setting.

Question 6

Which of the following is an accurate definition of impairment?

Accepted Answer

A disability, resulting from an impairment, involves a restriction or inability to perform an activity in a normal manner or within the normal range. An anatomical, mental, or psychological loss or abnormality is an impairment. A handicap is a disadvantage resulting from an impairment or disability that prevents fulfillment of an expected role. In a comparison of these concepts, an impairment affects a human organ on a micro level; disability affects a person on an individual level; and a handicap involves society on a macro level of analysis.

Question 7

Which of the following was suggested by the National Healthcare Disparities Report of 2008 (NHDR) as one reason that there are such disparities in health care outcomes inside the health care system?

Accepted Answer

The NHDR explains that, within the scope of health care delivery, disparities are due to differences in access to care, provider biases, poor provider-patient communication, poor health literacy, and other factors. This report did not address that there is inadequate funding to provide appropriate care, that people seek care too late, or that there is a national shortage of providers.

Question 8

Which of the following concerns can a nurse as a citizen help address?

Accepted Answer

In the National Agenda for the Prevention of Disabilities model, disability occurs when a person's physical or mental limitations, in interaction with physical and social barriers in the environment, prevent the person from taking equal part in the normal life of the community. Confronting environmental and social barriers to needed services can frustrate and exhaust many people with disabilities and their families. The nurse-as a citizen and a concerned professional-can advocate for removal of such barriers. This issue is the most important for the nurse to address, allowing the nurse to partner with clients and families affected by disabilities to remedy barriers that negatively affect quality of life for this population.

Question 9

A man came for follow-up care to the free clinic, explaining that he had applied for a job based on his education and years of previous work experience, but, being in a wheelchair, he was turned down. Which of the following responses would be most appropriate for the nurse?

Accepted Answer

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) became law in 1990. This landmark civil rights legislation prohibits discrimination toward people with disabilities in everyday activities. The ADA guarantees equal opportunities for people with disabilities related to employment, trtansportation, public accommodations, public services, and telecommunications. A qualified individual with a disability must meet legitimate skill, experience, education, or other requirements of an employment position. The person must be able to perform the essential functions of the job.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the current perspective on how communities should treat persons with disabilities (PWDs)?

Accepted Answer

Contemporary disability policy minimizes disadvantages and maximizes opportunities for PWDs to live productively in their communities. Early American public policy viewed PWDs as "deserving poor" who required governmental protection and provision, with little capacity for self-support or independence.

Question 11

Which of the following problems was the Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act (TWWIIA) designed to address?

Accepted Answer

Typically, people with disabilities could qualify for such benefits as health care, income assistance programs, and personal care attendant services only if they chose not to work. To address employment and benefit issues for persons with disabilities, in December 1999, the TWWIIA was signed into law. The TWWIIA reduced people with disabilities' disincentives to work by increasing access to vocational services and provided new methods for retaining health insurance after returning to work.

Question 12

A family has recently learned that their child will be permanently disabled. The parents do not deny the disability, but do not fully realize its impact. Which of the following levels of adjustment are the parents experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Ulrich and Bauer (2003) propose that the adjustment to disability experience occurs in four levels as parents gradually become aware of the impact of their child's disability. These levels include: (1) the ostrich phase, where parents do not deny a disability, but do not fully realize its impact; (2) special designation, when parents begin to realize their child has a special need and seek help; (3) normalization, when parents try to make the differences between their child and children without disabilities less apparent, and may actually request a decrease in services; and (4) self-actualization, when parents do not view being different as better or worse, just different, and support their child in learning about his or her disability, along with how to be a self-advocate.

Question 13

A young man rolled his wheelchair up the ramp into the clinic to the desk where the intake nurse greeted him. After welcoming him to the clinic, which of the following should be the initial question asked by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

The client should be asked what is needed just as any other client would be. A veteran would more probably be at a Veterans Affairs (VA) clinic, and there is nothing in the statement to imply that the clinic is part of the VA medical system. Because the man made it into the clinic, it is doubtful he would need help into the treatment room. Not all persons live with families. The handicap may be unrelated to why he is at the clinic. He may be ill or merely need immunization or other health promotion activity.

Question 14

Which of the following describes the most important need of every school-aged child with a disability?

Accepted Answer

A child should have all of the above items, an advocate in the school nurse, a teacher who understands, an assessment including comparison with developmental milestones, as all of these are components of an IEP with goals, cooperatively developed with the parents, to help the child succeed in school. The IEP describes the goals, as well as any special support needed to help achieve them. The IEP is the most comprehensive answer.

Question 15

A young woman rolled her wheelchair up the ramp into the clinic to the desk where the intake nurse greeted her. Which of the following should be the nurse's first response?

Accepted Answer

Nurses who demonstrate understanding of the issues confronting people with disabilities should approach them on an eye-to-eye level, listening to understand. Moving to eye level should be the first action that the nurse takes before beginning a conversation with the client.

Question 16

When a person was brought into the clinic in a wheelchair, the new nurse asked the patient if he felt a need for a priest. Which of the following best explains why the nurse would ask about spiritual health during the intake assessment?

Accepted Answer

There are four models for viewing disability including: (1) the medical model, (2) the rehabilitation model, (3) the socially constructed disability model, and (4) the moral model, which connects disability with sin and shame. The nurse apparently perceived disability as a result of sin not yet repented.

Question 17

Which of the following problems depends on the responses of other people and therefore cannot be measured?

Accepted Answer

In comparing these concepts, an impairment affects a human organ on a micro level; disability affects a person on an individual level; and a handicap involves society on a macro level of analysis. Table 21-1 points out that both impairment and disability may be objective and measurable, whereas handicap is neither, because it is an experience related to the responses of other people.

Question 18

Which of the following was the result of the passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009?

Accepted Answer

Employers willing to hire PWDs may receive monies provided through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (2009). However, little improvement in employment levels has been seen.

Question 19

The mother confided in the nurse, "I don't think my child is improving." Which of the following statements would be the best response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Nurses should pay attention, particularly when parents intuitively whisper, "Something is not right." A well-meaning health care provider may attempt to reassure a concerned mother. However, this kind of response may create silence and delay further questions by the parent. Rather than decrease parental concern, it may increase anxiety. The nurse can serve as an intermediary, working among the family and the health care team, to address parental concerns and client goals.

Question 20

Which of the following insights is being stressed by advocacy groups regarding persons with disabilities today?

Accepted Answer

Nearly all definitions identify an individual as disabled on the basis of a physical or mental impairment that limits the person's ability to perform an important activity. The complementary possibility-that the individual is limited by a barrier in society or the environment-is never considered. Advocacy groups are stressing that environment and the reactions of others are as crucial as the actual physical or mental limitation.

Quiz 21: Populations Affected by Disabilities