Question 1

Which of the following must be created before establishing the evaluation plan for a health project?

Accepted Answer

Goals are generally what is desired, while observable and measurable objectives are used to determine whether or not the goal was achieved and whether the project was successful. Deciding who will collect the data and analysis of the data are irrelevant if it has not been clearly decided what will be measured through the creation of objectives.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes a flaw of many of the health care bills passed during the last four decades?

Accepted Answer

Although each bill attempted to meet some problem in health care planning and delivery, none really improved quality, access, and cost issues. Current health care providers and institutions heavily influenced outcomes.

Question 3

A community health nurse has determined that the number one priority is to help families in which one member has diabetes. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate to maximize services to persons with diabetes?

Accepted Answer

The nurse should augment existing resources or create a new service rather than duplicate what is already available to the aggregate. It is assumed that if the nurse has concluded that diabetic issues are the number one priority, there is no pressing need to ask specific questions of friends with diabetes.

Question 4

Which of the following actions must a nurse take to be successful in addition to the typical assessment, diagnosing, and planning directly related to the intervention project?

Accepted Answer

An essential component is to have a strong level of community involvement. The nurse is responsible for advocating for client empowerment throughout the process. Attention to community involvement and empowerment helps ensure that the outcomes reflect the community's needs and will be accepted.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke Amendments of 1965?

Accepted Answer

Its purpose was to make the latest technology for the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease, cancer, stroke, and related diseases available to community health care providers through the establishment of regional cooperative arrangements. The National Health Planning and Resources Development Act attempted to reduce overall health care costs and to increase acceptability, accessibility, continuity, and quality of health care services. State government developed and implemented the requirement for hospitals to obtain approval for certain projects by requiring a certificate of need.

Question 6

A nurse is using a systems framework when caring for individuals, families, and aggregates in the community. Which of the following best describes an aspect that would be more challenging when caring for an aggregate as opposed to caring for an individual?

Accepted Answer

Although all aspects can be challenging, it is probably more challenging to recognize the interacting aspects of a large aggregate system in its power distribution, consensus activities, accommodation, and authority within the decision-making process.

Question 7

A nurse assessed carefully and created a comprehensive intervention plan including primary, secondary, and tertiary care for individuals and families. Which of the following factors may the nurse have overlooked?

Accepted Answer

The nurse must validate the practicality of any planned intervention. This can best be accomplished by examining if there are adequate resources for the project. Interest of other staff members, support from administration, and the nurse's time and energy should all be considered, but are irrelevant if there are not enough resources to implement the project.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes why it is important for the nurse to be knowledgeable about the community when providing care to individuals?

Accepted Answer

The nurse must be particularly aware of how individuals and families are influenced by the community and environment around them, although it is indeed important to be an advocate for health care reform and to have information regarding resources available for client services in the process of giving care. It is assumed that community health nurses can read maps-or use a global positioning system in their car-to find client addresses.

Question 9

A nurse found that several professionals resented time spent interacting with and teaching clients. Which of the following describes the most likely underlying motivation for resisting client involvement?

Accepted Answer

Successful programs rely on empowering citizens to make decisions about their care. Empowering citizens causes power to shift from health providers to community members. Many prefer to remain in positions of power rather than sharing. Client ideas must be included in the planning process in order to get them involved. Empowerment will lead the clients to change their lives.

Question 10

Which of the following describes why the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974 was unsuccessful in its efforts to increase accessibility and acceptability, improve quality, and constrain rising costs?

Accepted Answer

The 1974 Act was unsuccessful because it grandfathered in the entire health care system. In other words, nothing had to change.

Question 11

A nurse is caring for an aggregate as his or her client. Which of the following tasks would the nurse complete first?

Accepted Answer

A nurse should also consider personal interests and strengths in selecting an aggregate for intervention. For example, the nurse should consider whether he or she has an interest in teaching health promotion and preventive health or in planning for organizational change, whether his or her communication skills are better suited to large or small groups, and whether he or she has a preference for working with the elderly or with children. Thoughtful consideration of these and other variables will facilitate assessment and planning. After self-reflection, the nurse will need to determine the setting of the aggregate, consider how to gain access, and identify the community resources available.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes how the Health Planning Model for care of aggregates differs from the customary nursing process applied to the care of an individual?

Accepted Answer

The nurse decides which aggregate to focus on and then carefully defines that aggregate.
Whether caring for an individual, a family, or an aggregate, the nurse must know the demographics of the client and choose which health need has first priority. In caring for aggregates, each participant does not receive an equal number of services, but only those services that each participant needs.

Question 13

A nurse is determining the needs of a selected aggregate. Eight percent of the aggregate has diabetes. Which of the following best describes the action that should be taken next to determine if this should be a priority?

Accepted Answer

A rate by itself is meaningless unless compared with previous trends (although the instructor or the head of the local public health department may or may not know that particular piece of information) or with state or national norms. The easiest way to find those norms would be to check the literature to determine the typical incidence in a similar environment or community. The literature review could include research reports and statistics that will help determine whether this finding represents a priority for this aggregate.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the principal outcome of the Hill-Burton Act?

Accepted Answer

The Hill-Burton Act was also called the Hospital Survey and Construction Act, which was to address the need for better hospital access. Federal aid was given to states for construction of hospitals. The Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke Amendments of 1965 increased the availability of high technology in health care. The National Health Planning and Resources Development Act attempted to reduce overall health care costs. State government developed and implemented the requirement for hospitals to obtain approval for certain projects by requiring a certificate of need.

Question 15

A nurse decided that a high-risk aggregate most needed education about diabetes. Which of the following would be the best approach when teaching the group?

Accepted Answer

Most persons do not enjoy lectures, so the nurse must initiate small group involvement and participation. Those with less educational experience are more comfortable in informal learning settings. Visual only presentations, such as power point presentations and handouts are not the best approach to use with adult learners. Sharing of the nurse's expertise is an important part of the teaching process, but will not be effective if the participants are not actively involved in the learning process.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes what Lillian Wald suggested in regards to providing care to individuals and families?

Accepted Answer

Wald emphasized that one could not understand an individual without understanding the family, and the family is in the grip of larger social and economic forces that they cannot control. It was not suggested by Wald that clients be encouraged to join the Henry Street settlement, focus on providing care in the client's home, or that it was the nurse's responsiblity to keep clients healthy.

Question 17

A nurse had all the details carefully arranged for a project: location, speaker, seating arrangement, refreshments, handouts, visual aids, and students to distribute and collect evaluation sheets. Which of the following aspects of the project may be a problem?

Accepted Answer

Although implementation should follow the plan, the nurse must also prepare for unexpected problems. If the project fails, it is crucial to analyze what went wrong so it can be avoided in the future. Planning for the unexpected and unplanned events is the best response as it encompasses a variety of things that may go wrong. Any one or a combination of the other answers may be an unplanned event.

Question 18

A nurse starts to collect evaluative data for a major health project one month after it starts. Which of the following best describes the purpose of this data collection?

Accepted Answer

Evaluation includes reflecting on each previous stage to determine strengths and weaknesses. Process evaluation, also called formative evaluation, would allow one to change the project while it is being implemented. By collecting data one month after the project starts, it will be hard to determine if the desired outcomes are being met. Aggregate involvement is not increased by filling out evaluation forms one month after project implementation. Collecting data one month after project implementation is not typically completed to assure ongoing funding.

Question 19

A nurse has assessed an aggregate, determined the priority health needs, and decided on what intervention to offer. Which of the following will best determine if the intervention will be successful?

Accepted Answer

Interventions are seldom successful unless the aggregate has input into determination of need, its priority, and appropriateness of the intervention.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes where the majority of time is spent by a community health nurse?

Accepted Answer

Although the focus of care is the aggregate, the community health nurse will find the majority of time is spent caring for individuals.

Quiz 7: Community Health Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation