Question 1

Stimulus persistence has been studied for auditory stimuli. Efron (1970b) found that no matter how long the actual tone lasted, participants perceived the tone as at least ________ ms in duration.

Accepted Answer

Efron (1970b) found that participants perceived auditory stimuli as lasting at least 130 ms, regardless of the actual duration of the tone.

Question 2

In Vincent Di Lollo's experiment (1980), participants were presented with 12 dots placed at random on a 5×5 matrix, which had 25 potential locations. Following an interstimulus interval, dots were placed at random in 12 of the 13 remaining locations and subjects were asked to ________.

Accepted Answer

Participants were asked to indicate the location where a dot had not appeared, testing their ability to detect changes and remember previous dot locations.

Question 3

Vincent Di Lollo's experiment (1980) found that the number of errors increased as the duration of the first set of dots increased, indicating that stimulus persistence appeared to ________, as the duration of the stimulus increased.

Accepted Answer

As the duration of the first set of dots increased, the number of errors increased, suggesting that stimulus persistence decreased, making it harder to accurately perceive the stimulus over time.

Question 4

In a direct challenge to Sperling's model, Irwin and Yeomans (1986) varied the duration of the stimulus display in a partial-report paradigm experiment. They found a large effect of cue delay and ________.

Accepted Answer

Irwin and Yeomans (1986) found no effect of stimulus duration on recall in their experiment, challenging Sperling's model by showing that the duration of the stimulus display did not impact the amount of information participants could recall.

Question 5

Taken together, the results of Di Lollo (1980) and Irwin and Yeomans (1986) suggest that stimulus persistence and information persistence are ________.

Accepted Answer

The results of Di Lollo (1980) and Irwin and Yeomans (1986) suggest that stimulus persistence and information persistence are two separate and dissociable phenomena, indicating that they can be distinguished and studied independently.

Question 6

The "dorsal stream" is ________.

Accepted Answer

The dorsal stream is a major pathway that links the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe with the parietal lobe, and it is involved in processing the spatial location of objects.

Question 7

The likely neural substrate of visual stimulus persistence is ________.

Accepted Answer

The optical pathways, from the retina to V1, are responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain, where it is initially processed. This pathway is crucial for the persistence of visual stimuli, as it involves the primary processing and relay of visual information from the external environment to the brain for further processing and interpretation.

Question 8

The likely neural substrate of visual information persistence is ________.

Accepted Answer

Visual information persistence is likely supported by the dorsal and ventral streams, which are pathways in the brain that process visual information for motion and recognition, respectively. These streams are integral to how we perceive, interact with, and remember visual stimuli.

Question 9

Information persistence cannot be considered sensory memory because it is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Information persistence cannot be considered sensory memory...

Question 10

In macaque monkeys, the anterior superior temporal sulcus (STS), which lies along the ventral stream, is active during iconic memory tasks. This is not surprising because the STS ________.

Accepted Answer

The STS is associated with object recognition, which is necessary for iconic memory tasks.

Question 11

What assumptions did early cognitive psychologists make about sensory memory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What assumptions did early cognitive psychologists make...

Question 12

What were George Sperling's experiments with iconic memory (1960)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What were George Sperling's experiments with iconic...

Question 13

What is a real-world example of a situation where decisions must be made based on visual information that appears only briefly?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a real-world example of a...

Question 14

What is echoic memory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is echoic memory?...

Question 15

What are the modality effect and the suffix effect in echoic memory research?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the modality effect and the...

Question 16

What are stimulus persistence and information persistence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are stimulus persistence and information persistence?...

Question 17

What parts of the brain are responsible for stimulus persistence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What parts of the brain are responsible...

Question 18

What occurred during the experiments by Di Lollo (1980) and Irwin and Yeoman (1986)? What were their main conclusions? Why are these conclusions important for sensory memory research?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What occurred during the experiments by Di...

Question 19

What is an example of a temporal-integration paradigm experiment and what does this experiment demonstrate? You may want to include a diagram to illustrate your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is an example of a temporal-integration...

Question 20

What are the relevance of dorsal and ventral streams in stimulus and information persistence? You may want to include a diagram to illustrate your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the relevance of dorsal and...

Quiz 2: Sensory Persistence and Information Persistence