Question 1

Give one example each of when you use eye-centered, head-centered, and body-centered coordinates to inform where a stimulus is coming from in space.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give one example each of when you...

Question 2

Which of the following are examples of saccades?

Accepted Answer

Saccades are quick, simultaneous movements of both eyes in the same direction to shift the line of sight. All the examples provided (A, B, C) involve quickly moving the eyes to focus on a new point of interest, which fits the definition of saccades.

Question 3

Match each of the ocular or extraocular muscles and motor neurons that control saccades with their appropriate function: (more than one answer might be appropriate)
-_____control horizontal and vertical eye movements

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match each of the ocular or extraocular...

Question 4

Match each of the ocular or extraocular muscles and motor neurons that control saccades with their appropriate function: (more than one answer might be appropriate)
-_____rotate the eyes horizontally

Accepted Answer

The lateral and medial rectus muscles are responsible for horizontal eye movements, with the lateral rectus moving the eye outward (abduction) and the medial rectus moving the eye inward (adduction).

Question 5

Match each of the ocular or extraocular muscles and motor neurons that control saccades with their appropriate function: (more than one answer might be appropriate)
-_____rotate the eyes vertically

Accepted Answer

The superior and inferior rectus muscles, along with the superior and inferior oblique muscles, are responsible for vertical eye movements, which include rotating the eyes vertically. The lateral and medial rectus muscles control horizontal eye movements, and the trochlear, abducens, and oculomotor nuclei are the motor neurons that innervate the eye muscles but are not directly responsible for the action of rotating the eyes vertically by themselves.

Question 6

Match each of the ocular or extraocular muscles and motor neurons that control saccades with their appropriate function: (more than one answer might be appropriate)
-_____rotate the eyes in the oblique direction

Accepted Answer

The superior and inferior oblique muscles are responsible for rotating the eyes in the oblique direction.

Question 7

Explain how in a dark room you can navigate yourself to a light switch.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how in a dark room you...

Question 8

Referring to the figure above, which of the following cranial nerve nuclei are necessary for horizontal eye movements?

Accepted Answer

The answer of  Referring to the figure above, which...

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why saccade movements are so rapid (>350 degrees/second)?

Accepted Answer

Saccade movements are rapid due to the efficient and direct circuitry from retinoic inputs through the superior colliculus to the eye muscles, as well as the specific mapping of the superior colliculus to these inputs.

Question 10

Consider the experiment described on page 357 and figure 11.23 In the text in which the eye muscles of one eye are weakened in a monkey and then saccades are tracked. If the experimenters were to cover the intact eye first when they presented visual stimuli on day 1 and then switch the patch to the weakened eye for 5 days, what would you expect the outcome to be?

Accepted Answer

When the intact eye is used after the weakened eye has been patched, the brain adapts to the weakened state of the muscles in the covered eye. When the patch is switched to the weakened eye, the brain's adaptation to the weakened eye's condition would cause the intact eye's saccades to be unaffected or slightly smaller, as the brain compensates for the perceived weakness.

Question 11

List the four major functions of the frontal eye field and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the four major functions of the...

Question 12

Place the following in order from 1-9 for the flow of synaptic stimulation that elicits a saccade via the cortical side-loop involving the primary visual cortex
____retina
____cranial nerves III, IV, and or V
____higher order visual cortices
____superior colliculus
____reticular formation
____lateral geniculate nucleus
____primary visual cortex
____frontal eye field
____motor neurons enervating eye muscles

Accepted Answer

The answer of Place the following in order from 1-9...

Question 13

All of the following are true functions and characteristics of head saccades, except

Accepted Answer

Head saccades are not initiated by the vestibulo-ocular reflex; rather, they are coordinated movements involving the brain's motor control areas to redirect gaze.

Question 14

The inability to direct a hand movement to a target you visually fixate on is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The inability to direct a hand movement...

Question 15

The vestibulo-ocular reflex must be inhibited in some cases of object location. Give an example of this and state an example of how you could show, experimentally using an animal model, this reflex was inhibited.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The vestibulo-ocular reflex must be inhibited in...

Question 16

World-centered representations of the environment around you create by identifying direction coordinates (north, south, east, west) as well as landmarks are called _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of World-centered representations of the environment around you...

Question 17

In the examples below, state which are
-____memorizing the sequence of left and right turns in your commute to campus each day

Accepted Answer

Egocentric habit learning involves learning tasks or routes based on body movements and positions, such as memorizing a sequence of left and right turns, which is a habit formed from personal, bodily navigation.

Question 18

In the examples below, state which are
-____navigating an alternative route to work in order to avoid construction

Accepted Answer

Allocentric place learning involves understanding the environment in relation to its layout and the spatial relationships between objects, which is necessary when navigating an alternative route to avoid construction. Egocentric habit learning, on the other hand, is based on the individual's own actions and movements in a familiar context, which is less relevant in this scenario.

Question 19

In the examples below, state which are
-____forgetting to turn off your route to your parent's house to dinner so you can stop by the store

Accepted Answer

Allocentric place learning is the ability to remember the location of a place in relation to other landmarks. In this example, the person is remembering the location of their parent's house in relation to the store.

Question 20

In the examples below, state which are
-____a rat crawling over the end of a wooden maze in order to reach the food instead of navigating trained left and right turns

Accepted Answer

Allocentric place learning involves navigating based on an understanding of the environment's layout, such as a rat understanding the spatial arrangement of a maze to reach food, rather than relying on personal, body-oriented cues.

Quiz 11: Localizing Stimuli and Orienting in Space

Give one example each of when you use eye-centered, head-centered, and body-centered coordinates to inform where a stimulus is coming from in space.

Which of the following are examples of saccades?

Match each of the ocular or extraocular muscles and motor neurons that control saccades with their appropriate function: (more than one answer might be appropriate) -_____control horizontal and vertical eye movements

Match each of the ocular or extraocular muscles and motor neurons that control saccades with their appropriate function: (more than one answer might be appropriate) -_____rotate the eyes horizontally

Match each of the ocular or extraocular muscles and motor neurons that control saccades with their appropriate function: (more than one answer might be appropriate) -_____rotate the eyes vertically

Match each of the ocular or extraocular muscles and motor neurons that control saccades with their appropriate function: (more than one answer might be appropriate) -_____rotate the eyes in the oblique direction

Explain how in a dark room you can navigate yourself to a light switch.

Referring to the figure above, which of the following cranial nerve nuclei are necessary for horizontal eye movements?

Which of the following best explains why saccade movements are so rapid (>350 degrees/second) ?

List the four major functions of the frontal eye field and give an example of each.

All of the following are true functions and characteristics of head saccades, except

The inability to direct a hand movement to a target you visually fixate on is called ____________.

The vestibulo-ocular reflex must be inhibited in some cases of object location. Give an example of this and state an example of how you could show, experimentally using an animal model, this reflex was inhibited.

World-centered representations of the environment around you create by identifying direction coordinates (north, south, east, west) as well as landmarks are called _____________.

In the examples below, state which are -____memorizing the sequence of left and right turns in your commute to campus each day

In the examples below, state which are -____navigating an alternative route to work in order to avoid construction

In the examples below, state which are -____forgetting to turn off your route to your parent's house to dinner so you can stop by the store

In the examples below, state which are -____a rat crawling over the end of a wooden maze in order to reach the food instead of navigating trained left and right turns