Question 1

Unilateral lesion to the lateral superior olive might result in which of the following to auditory perception?

Accepted Answer

The lateral superior olive (LSO) is involved in sound localization, particularly for high-frequency sounds, by comparing the intensity differences of sounds arriving at each ear. A unilateral lesion to the LSO can impair the ability to localize high-frequency sounds, making their distance seem dampened or imperceptible, regardless of the direction they come from.

Question 2

Refer to figure 11.15, In the text which of the following is true about sound source coding in a barn owl versus a mammal?

Accepted Answer

Individual neurons in the inferior colliculus of a barn owl have firing rates that are mapped to specific locations in space, which is a key feature of how barn owls process sound source coding differently from mammals.

Question 3

A 40-year-old patient describes an inability to determine where sound is localized, but her hearing is otherwise normal. Which of the following structures would NOT be the location of a lesion causing this symptom?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 40-year-old patient describes an inability to...

Question 4

The tonotopic map in the auditory cortex is similar to the somatotopic map in the somatosensory cortex in that

Accepted Answer

The answer of The tonotopic map in the auditory cortex...

Question 5

Which of the following statements is false regarding the circuitry of auditory perception?

Accepted Answer

The auditory portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve axons primarily terminates in the cochlear nuclei, not the inferior colliculus. The inferior colliculus is involved in the auditory pathway but receives input from several brainstem nuclei, including the cochlear nuclei, not directly from the auditory nerve axons.

Question 6

Explain how intraural level differences and intraural time differences are integrated in the auditory cortex of humans to perceive the orientation of sound in space.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how intraural level differences and intraural...

Question 7

Central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) affects about 5% of school-aged children, ages 5-15. These kids typically show no deficit in hearing as assessed by normal responses to individual sounds delivered in a sound-proof room. Symptoms include being unusually distracted by loud noises, inability to recognize differences in sounds between words especially with background noise. Explain what auditory processing deficit might explain this disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) affects about...

Question 8

Compare the somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortex in terms of the neural pathways that lead to the perception of mechanical touch, visual, and auditory information from sensory neurons in each system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortex...

Question 9

Human hearing is most acute when sound is coming from the _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Human hearing is most acute when sound...

Question 10

Which of the following is the most important feature to the barn owl's unique ability to locate a mouse moving through rustling leaves in the dark.

Accepted Answer

The unique mapping of specific neurons in the inferior colliculus (B) and the slight asymmetry in ear orientation (C) are both crucial for a barn owl's exceptional auditory localization abilities. This combination allows the owl to precisely determine the vertical and horizontal position of sounds in the dark, enabling it to locate prey with high accuracy.

Question 11

All of the following are considered moveable sensor arrays, except.

Accepted Answer

Moving your eye, head, or body position to the place of stimulus all involve adjusting sensor arrays (in this case, parts of the body with sensory receptors) to better capture sensory information, making none of the options exceptions.

Question 12

Which of the following statements best describes how spatial coordinate transformations localize where a visual stimulus is originating?

Accepted Answer

Eye-centered coordinates are indeed established by neurons in the retina, and these coordinates are integrated with the position of the eyes to form head-centered coordinates. Adding information about the body's position relative to the eyes and head results in body-centered coordinates. This hierarchical integration allows the brain to localize visual stimuli relative to different parts of the body and the surrounding environment.

Question 13

Which of the following statements are true of a neuron that codes space in eye-centered coordinates?

Accepted Answer

Neurons that code space in eye-centered coordinates adjust their activity based on the movement of the eyes to keep the representation of space consistent relative to the direction of gaze. This means their activity is specifically related to where an object is in relation to the eyes, not necessarily stable with movements of the head or body.

Question 14

Auditory input to the superior colliculus is primarily from the _________and visual inputs from the _____________.

Accepted Answer

The superior colliculus receives auditory input primarily from the inferior colliculus, which is a part of the auditory pathway, and visual inputs from the retina, which is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye.

Question 15

Which statement best describes how auditory and visual space maps are aligned in the superior colliculus of primates?

Accepted Answer

The auditory receptive field in the superior colliculus of primates changes with eye position to align auditory and visual space maps, allowing for accurate spatial localization of stimuli.

Question 16

Neurons in the ventral intraparietal area primarily encode visual and auditory information from which spatial coordinate transformations

Accepted Answer

Neurons in the ventral intraparietal area are involved in integrating visual and auditory information and are known to encode this information in multiple spatial reference frames, including eye-centered, head-centered, and intermediate coordinates. This allows for effective processing of sensory information relative to different parts of the body and the external environment, facilitating spatial awareness and navigation.

Question 17

If someone suffers a hemorrhagic stroke that impairs their posterior parietal cortex, how might their spatial coordinate transformations?

Accepted Answer

The posterior parietal cortex is involved in integrating sensory information from various parts of the body, including visual, auditory, and somatosensory inputs, to understand spatial relationships and coordinate movements. Damage to this area can impair the ability to transform spatial information from eye, head, and body-centered coordinates, affecting both visual and auditory stimuli processing.

Question 18

Refer to figure 11.17, In the text if the hidden loudspeaker was kept directly in front of the monkey, then the auditory receptive field would shift _____________as the monkeys eyes were directed to the right.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to figure 11.17, In the text...

Question 19

What is the purpose of laterally directed inhibitory neurons in a somatotopic map, such as for the sensation of a needle prick on the finger?

Accepted Answer

Laterally directed inhibitory neurons help in refining and improving stimulus localization by inhibiting the activity of neighboring neurons, thus sharpening the perception of the stimulus to a more exact location. This mechanism enhances the ability to precisely identify where a stimulus, like a needle prick, is occurring on the body.

Question 20

Motor control and movement is dependent upon activity of which of the following structures and reflexes?

Accepted Answer

Motor control and movement involve a complex interplay of various structures and reflexes within the nervous system. The deep cerebellar nuclei are involved in the coordination of movement. The premotor cortex is involved in the planning and execution of movements. Spinal reflexes are basic motor responses to specific sensory stimuli, and vestibular reflexes help maintain balance and posture. Therefore, all of these components (A, B, C, D) play a role in motor control and movement.

Quiz 11: Localizing Stimuli and Orienting in Space