Question 1

A personality trait
A) is relatively enduring.
B) is distinguishable.
C) varies within and between individuals.
D) All of these

Accepted Answer

A personality trait is a relatively enduring characteristic that distinguishes an individual from others, and it is not necessarily the same across all individuals. Therefore, all options are correct.

Question 2

An implication of terms such as self-concept differentiation is that
A) personality traits can be fragmented.
B) the more unified one's self-perception, the better.
C) traits are context dependent.
D) None of these

Accepted Answer

Self-concept differentiation suggests that traits can vary depending on the context or situation, indicating that they are context dependent.

Question 3

The history of personality types dates at least as far back as the days of
A) Hippocrates.
B) Jung.
C) Freud.
D) Thorndike.

Accepted Answer

The history of personality types can be traced back to Hippocrates, who categorized human temperaments into four types based on bodily fluids - sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, and melancholic.

Question 4

What is a likely consequence if a rating checklist consistently elicits a wide-ranging variety of opinions from various raters?
A) The test will have little utility.
B) The test will have high internal consistency.
C) The test will have lower inter-rater reliability.
D) All of these

Accepted Answer

A wide-ranging variety of opinions from various raters on a rating checklist indicates inconsistencies in how the checklist is interpreted and applied, leading to lower inter-rater reliability. This means there is a lack of agreement among different raters' assessments.

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE of personality traits?
A) They tend to stabilize in adulthood after age 40.
B) They decrease in consistency after age 30.
C) Consistency first begins at 18.
D) None of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is TRUE of...

Question 6

People characterized as "highly differentiated" are likely to
A) experience self-perception disorders.
B) be extremely thin.
C) see themselves much the same way most of the time.
D) None of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of People characterized as "highly differentiated" are likely...

Question 7

According to Roberts and DelVecchio (2000),trait consistency tends to increase until one is between _________ years of age,at which time it peaks.
A) 10 and 20
B) 30 and 40
C) 40 and 50
D) 50 and 60

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Roberts and DelVecchio (2000),trait consistency...

Question 8

A personality profile based on psychological test results typically represents the extent to which a person has provided evidence of the existence of certain personality
A) traits.
B) states.
C) tendencies.
D) Both traits and states.

Accepted Answer

Personality profiles derived from psychological tests often measure both traits and states. Traits are enduring characteristics that influence behavior across various situations, while states are temporary emotional and psychological conditions. Thus, a comprehensive personality profile can reflect evidence of both.

Question 9

The Self-Directed Search Tests are based on six personality
A) moods.
B) states.
C) types.
D) dispositions.

Accepted Answer

The Self-Directed Search Tests are based on six personality types, which include realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional.

Question 10

The assumption that a constellation of traits and states may be used to identify a particular category of personality is inherent in
A) a taxonomy of personality.
B) a personality typology.
C) a personality disposition.
D) an astrological sign.

Accepted Answer

A personality typology assumes that individuals can be classified into distinct types based on certain traits and states, implying a categorization of personality into specific, identifiable types.

Question 11

The lower test-retest reliability coefficients found to exist for state anxiety when compared with higher test-retest reliability coefficients obtained for trait anxiety support which premise?
A) Traits are more enduring personality characteristics than states.
B) States are more enduring personality characteristics than traits.
C) Exhibition of anxiety is very situation-dependent.
D) None of these

Accepted Answer

Test-retest reliability coefficients refer to the consistency of scores over repeated testing. The fact that state anxiety (which is context-dependent and fluctuates more readily) has lower reliability coefficients when compared to trait anxiety (which is seen as more enduring and stable) supports the premise that traits are more enduring personality characteristics than states.

Question 12

On a test,an assessee chooses how to end an incomplete sentence by writing-in the end of the sentence.The format of the test could BEST be described as
A) sentence completion.
B) fill-in-the-blank.
C) free-choice.
D) All of these

Accepted Answer

The test format involves completing an incomplete sentence, which is a characteristic of sentence completion tests. Fill-in-the-blank format involves providing a blank space where the answer is expected to be filled. Free choice format does not have any set format and may involve choosing from a range of options or open-ended responses. Therefore, the best choice is A) sentence completion.

Question 13

A lack of cross-situational consistency in traits has been demonstrated to exist with respect to
A) honesty.
B) attitudes toward authority.
C) introversion-extraversion.
D) All of these

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that there is a lack of cross-situational consistency in a variety of personality traits, including honesty, attitudes toward authority, and introversion-extraversion. This means that people may behave differently depending on the specific situation they are in, which can make it difficult to accurately predict their behavior in different contexts.

Question 14

Asking testtakers to indicate how they feel "at this moment" versus how they feel "in general" is an attempt to
A) obtain as much information about the testtakers as possible.
B) distinguish between various traits and states.
C) determine if the testtakers are responding truthfully.
D) evaluate certain topic areas listed in the classic song, Feelings.

Accepted Answer

Asking testtakers to indicate how they feel "at this moment" versus how they feel "in general" is an attempt to distinguish between various traits and states. This helps in understanding whether certain feelings are temporary or more persistent personality traits.

Question 15

On the Self-Directed Search,terms such as Artistic,Enterprising,and Investigative are examples of
A) personality types.
B) personality states.
C) inclinations.
D) careers.

Accepted Answer

The Self-Directed Search classifies individuals according to six personality types: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional (RIASEC), making "personality types" the correct answer.

Question 16

A homeless person who prefers the environs of the street to a shelter or mental hospital may attempt to
A) fake bad on a test of psychopathology.
B) fake good on a test of psychopathology.
C) respond as candidly as possible on a test of psychopathology.
D) be cooperative with the test administrator.

Accepted Answer

A homeless person who prefers the street might try to "fake good" to avoid being placed in a shelter or mental hospital, presenting themselves as mentally stable.

Question 17

Which BEST describes what is typically measured in personality assessment?
A) social and communication skills
B) traits and states
C) charisma
D) creativity and motivation

Accepted Answer

Personality assessment typically measures an individual's traits (consistent patterns of behavior) and states (current emotional and mental states). It is not focused on social and communication skills, charisma, or creativity and motivation.

Question 18

Research on psychological traits reveals
A) strong cross-situational consistency in traits such as honesty.
B) a lack of cross-situational consistency in traits such as honesty.
C) clear evidence that traits physically exist in the brain.
D) None of these

Accepted Answer

Research in psychology has shown that there is a lack of cross-situational consistency in traits such as honesty, meaning people's behavior can vary significantly depending on the situation, challenging the notion of stable, consistent traits across different contexts.

Question 19

The research of Gosling et al.(2003)can be summarized by stating simply that
A) rhesus monkeys exhibit motivated behavior.
B) dogs have personality.
C) differences in personality are inherited in mice.
D) personality is multifaceted in parrots.

Accepted Answer

The research by Gosling et al. (2003) is focused on exploring the concept of personality in dogs and the validity of the personality traits observed in dogs. It does not discuss monkeys, mice or parrots. Therefore, option B is the most appropriate choice.

Question 20

An advantage of a personality test that is atheoretical in nature is that
A) test users can interpret the test according to their own theoretical preferences.
B) the test will, in all likelihood, be more valid than a theory-based test.
C) the test is much more likely to be "culture-specific" as well.
D) the test is much more likely to be "culture-fair" as well.

Accepted Answer

An atheoretical personality test allows test users to interpret it according to their own theoretical preferences, giving them more flexibility in understanding and applying the results. It does not necessarily make the test more valid or culture-specific, but it may make it more culture-fair since it is not biased towards any particular theoretical framework.

Quiz 11: Personality Assessment: an Overview

A personality trait

An implication of terms such as self-concept differentiation is that

The history of personality types dates at least as far back as the days of

What is a likely consequence if a rating checklist consistently elicits a wide-ranging variety of opinions from various raters?

Which of the following is TRUE of personality traits?

People characterized as "highly differentiated" are likely to

According to Roberts and DelVecchio (2000) ,trait consistency tends to increase until one is between _________ years of age,at which time it peaks.

A personality profile based on psychological test results typically represents the extent to which a person has provided evidence of the existence of certain personality

The Self-Directed Search Tests are based on six personality

The assumption that a constellation of traits and states may be used to identify a particular category of personality is inherent in

The lower test-retest reliability coefficients found to exist for state anxiety when compared with higher test-retest reliability coefficients obtained for trait anxiety support which premise?

On a test,an assessee chooses how to end an incomplete sentence by writing-in the end of the sentence.The format of the test could BEST be described as

A lack of cross-situational consistency in traits has been demonstrated to exist with respect to

Asking testtakers to indicate how they feel "at this moment" versus how they feel "in general" is an attempt to

On the Self-Directed Search,terms such as Artistic,Enterprising,and Investigative are examples of

A homeless person who prefers the environs of the street to a shelter or mental hospital may attempt to

Which BEST describes what is typically measured in personality assessment?

Research on psychological traits reveals

The research of Gosling et al.(2003) can be summarized by stating simply that

An advantage of a personality test that is atheoretical in nature is that