Question 1

____ is a specific type of coping strategy in which one intentionally sets aside other projects to focus on the problem.

Accepted Answer

Suppression of competing activities is a coping strategy in which an individual intentionally sets aside other tasks or projects in order to focus on the problem at hand. This allows them to give their full attention to the issue and potentially find a solution. Restraint coping involves inhibiting emotional responses, mental disengagement involves withdrawing mentally from the situation, and denial involves refusing to acknowledge the problem altogether. None of these options involve intentionally setting aside other tasks in order to focus on the problem.

Question 2

____ cover broad areas "such as fairness, justice, luck, control, predictability, coherence, benevolence, and personal vulnerability" and global goals "ideals, states, or objects that people work toward being or achieving or maintaining, such as relationships, work, wealth, knowledge, and achievement."

Accepted Answer

The described beliefs are referred to as "global beliefs" because they are overarching beliefs that cover broad areas and global goals that people aspire to. Therefore, choice C - Global beliefs - is the most suitable option.

Question 3

____ are cognitions that address the "Why?" question. For example, we may ask ourselves "why did the bad event happen?"

Accepted Answer

Causal attributions address the "why?" question and are the explanations we give for why an event occurred. They can be internal (due to personal characteristics) or external (due to situational factors). Primary appraisals are the first evaluations of a situation, assessing whether it is a threat or a challenge. Secondary appraisals evaluate how well equipped we are to deal with the situation. Control attributions are explanations for why we did or did not have control over a situation.

Question 4

Recent research indicates that human ____ hormone may play a role in the bonding process for women with their pet dogs, but not for men and their dogs.

Accepted Answer

The hormone that has been found to play a role in the bonding process for women with their pet dogs but not for men and their dogs is oxytocin.

Question 5

____ is a distorted thinking category in which one takes a specific example and sees it as global. "It never ends. I got bad news today, but then again, my life is nothing but bad news."

Accepted Answer

Overgeneralization is the distorted thinking category in which one takes a specific example or event and sees it as global or applies it to all situations. In the given example, the person is overgeneralizing by interpreting one bad news as a sign that everything in their life is bad.

Question 6

Examples of ____ include "confided your fears and worries to a friend or relative," "sought reassurance from those who know you best," and "went to a friend for advice on how to change the situation."

Accepted Answer

The examples listed describe seeking support from others, which falls under the category of support seeking coping strategies. Options A and B refer to addressing the problem or managing emotions, respectively, and option C involves finding meaning or purpose in a difficult situation.

Question 7

One of the first theoretical groupings of coping strategies, suggested by Folkman and Lazarus (1980), splits coping strategies into the two broad-based categories. ____ coping involves dealing with the perceived cause of the distress whereas ____ coping entails managing the distress caused by the problem.

Accepted Answer

Problem-focused coping involves addressing the problem causing the distress directly, while emotion-focused coping involves managing the emotional response to the distress.

Question 8

People who realize ____ are able to cultivate positive expectations when they see connections between their efforts and outcomes. In order to do this, they must challenge pessimistic causal attributional explanatory styles.

Accepted Answer

People who realize learned optimism are able to cultivate positive expectations by recognizing the connection between their efforts and outcomes. To do this, they need to challenge pessimistic explanatory styles and replace them with optimistic ones. Active coping and restraint coping are coping strategies, while positive reinterpretation is a resilience technique.

Question 9

____ is a distorted thinking category in which one exaggerates or downplay the importance of something. "My stomach hurts. It must be appendicitis." "Yes I smoke but I'll outlive all you nonsmokers."

Accepted Answer

Magnification or minimization involves exaggerating or downplaying the importance of something, as seen in the examples given.

Question 10

The ____ process of adding new information (i.e., the situational meaning)to an already existing schema or cognitive framework (i.e., one's global meaning)is more common than the ____ process of changing the larger organizing schema (i.e., one's global meaning)to fit the smaller one (i.e., the situational meaning).

Accepted Answer

The correct terms are assimilation for adding new information to an existing schema without altering the schema itself, and accommodation for modifying the schema to incorporate new information.

Question 11

____ is a specific type of coping strategy in which one thinks about and decides on future actions for dealing with the problem.

Accepted Answer

Planning is the specific coping strategy that involves thinking about and deciding on future actions for dealing with a problem. Active coping involves taking direct action to solve the problem, seeking social support for instrumental reasons involves seeking practical assistance from others, and positive reinterpretation and growth involves finding a new meaning or purpose in a difficult situation.

Question 12

____ is a category of coping that uses our values, beliefs, and goals to shape meaning in stressful situations that are generally not conducive to the use of problem-focused coping such as long-term caregiving for a loved one with dementia or loss of a loved one.

Accepted Answer

Meaning-making coping involves finding a way to make sense of a stressful situation by aligning it with our personal values, beliefs, and goals. This type of coping is most useful in situations where the stressor cannot be directly changed or solved, such as long-term caregiving or loss of a loved one. Emotion-focused coping, on the other hand, focuses on managing the emotional response to the stressor rather than changing the stressor itself. Social support seeking and active coping may be applicable in different situations but are not specific to using values, beliefs, and goals to shape meaning.

Question 13

____ is a specific type of coping strategy in which one reduces efforts to act on the stressor.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral disengagement is a coping strategy in which an individual reduces their efforts to act on the stressor. This can involve avoiding tasks or situations related to the stressor, or even giving up on goals altogether. The other options listed (Acceptance, Mental disengagement, and Denial) involve different coping strategies. Acceptance involves acknowledging the reality of the stressor and finding ways to live with it. Mental disengagement involves distracting oneself from the stressor, while denial involves refusing to acknowledge its existence.

Question 14

The statement "I went on as if nothing had happened" is a strategy of avoidance coping called ____ that can be adaptive.

Accepted Answer

Distancing is a coping strategy where an individual minimizes or detaches themselves from the significance of a stressful situation, acting as if nothing had happened. This can be adaptive in situations where direct action cannot change the outcome, allowing the person to maintain psychological well-being.

Question 15

Planning that uses mentally oriented problem-focused coping is a form of ____ coping.

Accepted Answer

Mentally oriented problem-focused coping involves the use of cognitive strategies, such as planning and decision making, to actively address a stressor. This is an example of active cognitive coping, which differs from avoidance coping that involves disengaging from the stressor or meaning-making coping that involves finding positive aspects in a stressful situation. Active behavioral coping is characterized by taking physical action to address the stressor.

Question 16

____ is a distorted thinking category in which one makes absolutistic statements.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____ is a distorted thinking category in...

Question 17

____ is a distorted thinking category in which one uses negative labels about oneself or others rather than describing the event. "If I wasn't such a weak person, I would have stood up to her."

Accepted Answer

Labeling is the distorted thinking category in which negative labels are used to describe oneself or others instead of describing the situation or event. In the example given, the person is using a negative label of "weak" to describe themselves, rather than describing the situation objectively.

Question 18

____ is a specific type of coping strategy in which one deliberately waits until the time is right to act.

Accepted Answer

Restraint coping involves delaying action until the appropriate time, which can allow for a more successful outcome. This is seen as a deliberate and active strategy, whereas mental disengagement, suppression of competing activities, and denial are more passive coping strategies.

Question 19

____ coping is a form of emotion-focused coping that may involve using cognitive or behavioral strategies.

Accepted Answer

Avoidance coping is a form of emotion-focused coping that involves cognitive or behavioral strategies to avoid dealing with stressful situations or feelings.

Question 20

Trying harder that employs action oriented problem-focused coping is a form of ____ coping.

Accepted Answer

Trying harder and taking action to solve a problem is a form of active behavioral coping. Active cognitive coping involves changing one's thoughts or beliefs about a situation. Avoidance coping involves avoiding or denying the problem. Meaning-making coping involves finding a sense of meaning or purpose in a difficult situation.

Quiz 10: Cognitive and Behavioral Approaches