Question 1

Meta-analytic studies report that exposure therapy is the most effective treatment for ____ when combined "with relaxation training and/or breathing retraining techniques."

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

According to ____, if anger is not expressed, it builds like steam in a locomotive's steam engine until it explodes.

Accepted Answer

This statement describes the catharsis theory of anger, which suggests that repressed anger builds up until it is released in an explosive outburst. The hydraulic model suggests that emotions are like fluids that can be contained or released, the diathesis-stress model proposes that biological factors and stress contribute to mental illness, and positive mental health models focus on promoting well-being rather than just treating mental illness.

Question 3

Persons with ____ are fearful of being in a public place or outside the home to the extent that it might be difficult for them to leave without embarrassment or to get help should they have a panic attack.

Accepted Answer

The description matches the symptoms of agoraphobia, which is a fear of being in situations or places that may cause a panic attack or embarrassment, leading to avoidance of such situations.

Question 4

____ involves mentally recycling concerns-it is the process of repeating our thoughts associated with anxiety.

Accepted Answer

Worry involves mentally recycling concerns, which means repeatedly thinking about anxious thoughts or predictions.

Question 5

Meta-analytic studies report that exposure therapy is the most effective treatment for ____ when combined with response prevention.

Accepted Answer

Meta-analytic studies indicate that exposure therapy is highly effective for various anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, phobias, and OCD. However, it is specifically noted to be the most effective treatment for OCD when combined with response prevention (i.e., preventing the individual from performing compulsions). Therefore, option B is the best choice as it specifically mentions OCD and response prevention.

Question 6

____ is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces neuronal excitation.

Accepted Answer

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces neuronal excitation by decreasing the activity of neurons, thus suppressing neural activity. Dopamine, endorphins, and norepinephrine are all excitatory neurotransmitters that facilitate neural activity. Therefore, the best choice is D, GABA.

Question 7

____ therapy may well be positioned to become the next wave, the "third wave," behind cognitive therapy (the second wave), and behavior therapy (the first wave)in the treatment of anxiety disorders.

Accepted Answer

Mindfulness-based therapy has been gaining recognition as an effective treatment for anxiety disorders. It involves practicing mindfulness and allowing thoughts to come and go without judgement, leading to a decrease in anxiety symptoms. It is considered the "third wave" of therapy after cognitive and behavior therapy.

Question 8

People with ____ may experience symptoms such as fatigue, muscle tension, restlessness, irritability, sleep disturbances, or difficulty concentrating. Depression may also be present.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms listed are commonly associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

Question 9

Chronically angry people often lean excessively on the defense mechanism of ____ and will critically find flaws and weaknesses in others that are really just outward manifestations of disowned elements of their own personality.

Accepted Answer

Projection is the defense mechanism where one attributes their own unacceptable or unwanted feelings, traits, or behaviors onto others. In this scenario, chronically angry people may project their own flaws and weaknesses onto others as a way to distance themselves from these elements of their personality. This can lead to critical judgments and a persistent anger towards others.

Question 10

People with a high level of interoceptive sensitivity, especially if they are acutely aware of heartbeat activity, are more likely to experience ____.

Accepted Answer

People with high interoceptive sensitivity, particularly to heartbeat activity, are more prone to anxiety and anxiety disorders due to heightened awareness of bodily sensations, which can lead to increased anxiety about these sensations.

Question 11

____ resets baseline arousal to its normal level so that it takes a lot more stimulation to reach the physiological red zone.

Accepted Answer

Reducing stimulants such as caffeine, nicotine, and sugar can help reset baseline arousal to its normal level, making it less likely to reach the physiological red zone.

Question 12

Meta-analytic studies report that exposure therapy is the most effective treatment for ____, with in vivo exposure being more effective than imaginal exposure or virtual reality exposure.

Accepted Answer

Meta-analytic studies have consistently found exposure therapy to be highly effective for the treatment of specific phobias, and in vivo exposure (real-life exposure) has been found to be more effective than imaginal exposure or virtual reality exposure. There is less evidence to support the use of exposure therapy for other disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder or generalized anxiety disorder, and PTSD requires a more complex treatment approach that may include exposure therapy as part of a larger treatment plan.

Question 13

A person diagnosed with ____ has an unreasonable or excessive fear of a particular object, situation, or activity.

Accepted Answer

A phobia is a specific type of anxiety disorder characterized by an excessive or unreasonable fear of a specific object, situation, or activity. GAD, panic disorder, and PTSD are also anxiety disorders, but they do not specifically involve a fear of a particular object or situation.

Question 14

____ has a high frequency of comorbidity (i.e., co-occurrence)with other anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, and alcohol use disorders-calling some to question whether it is really a distinct syndrome.

Accepted Answer

PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) often co-occurs with other anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, and alcohol use disorders, leading to discussions about its distinctiveness as a syndrome.

Question 15

____ boost(s)serotonin levels in the brain which then often results in lowered anxiety and depression levels.

Accepted Answer

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) work by blocking the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain, which leads to increased levels of serotonin. This can help to alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression, as serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is important for mood regulation.

Question 16

____ is characterized by repeated and unexpected panic attacks along with worry and concern about reoccurrence of attacks.

Accepted Answer

Panic disorder is characterized by unexpected and repeated panic attacks, along with concern about future attacks. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (A) involves intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors, post-traumatic stress disorder (C) involves exposure to a traumatic event and subsequent symptoms, and generalized anxiety disorder (D) involves excessive worry and anxiety about a variety of everyday events.

Question 17

____ such as "If I do not perform as well as others, it means that I am an inferior human being" or "My value as a person depends greatly on what others think of me" are well-springs for automatic negative thoughts.

Accepted Answer

Maladaptive attitudes are underlying beliefs that can lead to automatic negative thoughts, particularly those that tie personal worth to performance or others' opinions.

Question 18

The ____ refer(s)to a tendency among depressed people to view in a negative light (1)the self (e.g., "I am worthless"), (2)the world ("This situation is impossible"), and (3)the future ("I'll never be successful").

Accepted Answer

The negative cognitive triad is a concept from cognitive theory that refers to the three negative views that depressed people often have about themselves, the world, and the future. The other choices (A, B, and C) are related to cognitive theory and the way that people's thoughts and beliefs can impact their emotions and behavior, but they do not specifically refer to the negative cognitive triad.

Question 19

____ are occasionally used to reduce organ system responses to anxiety. For those with a high level of interoceptive sensitivity, this class of medications may bring relief in certain situations.

Accepted Answer

Beta blockers are occasionally used to reduce physical symptoms of anxiety, such as rapid heartbeat and shaking. They work by blocking the effects of adrenaline, which is responsible for the physiological responses to anxiety. They are not typically used as a first-line treatment for anxiety, but may be helpful for individuals with high interoceptive sensitivity in certain situations. SSRIs and benzodiazepines are more commonly used as anxiolytic medications, while anxiolytics are a broad category of medications that includes both SSRIs and benzodiazepines.

Question 20

____ is a reaction to traumatic stressors (death-or injury-related stressors that evoke helplessness, extreme fear, or horror)that results in reexperiencing the traumatic event, avoiding stimuli correlated with the event, experiencing general response numbing, and having persistent increased arousal.

Accepted Answer

PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) is a reaction to traumatic stressors that results in symptoms such as reexperiencing the traumatic event (such as flashbacks and nightmares), avoidance of stimuli correlated with the event, experiencing general response numbing (such as feeling detached and emotionally numb), and having persistent increased arousal (such as being easily startled or having difficulty sleeping).

Quiz 7: Anxiety, Anger, and Depression