Question 1

Explain why the pendulum problem requires hypothetical-deductive reasoning.

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Question 2

Explain the roles played by attention focus, inhibition, and flexibility in attention and cognitive performance.

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Question 3

Give an example of a deep memory strategy. Briefly explain why such strategies may be better for long-term memory than a shallow strategy.

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Question 4

Some studies reveal that low-income students perform more poorly than middle- and high-income students on online tests. Provide a possible explanation for these results using the concept of "cultural tools."

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Question 5

Explain how understanding of academic vocabulary helps with school success.

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Question 6

Some schools have implemented girls-only math and science classes to encourage girls' interest in STEM disciplines. Explain the motivation behind such an approach based using the concept of culture and gender bias.

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Question 7

Seventeen-year-old Soo-Young studies hard to maintain an A average in her required classes. However, she is much more passionate about her robotics club activities than any of her academic classes. Taking this example, explain the difference between grit and enjoyment using the concept of choice.

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Question 8

Briefly explain a few structural reasons why teacher-student relationships might decline as students progress from elementary school to middle school and high school.

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Question 9

Some skeptics argue that low academic performance in low-income neighborhoods is primarily attributable to individual and family factors. How would a proponent of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory counter this view?

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Question 10

List and briefly explain five ways in which neighborhood context can affect adolescents' academic achievement.

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Quiz 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence