Question 1

Which of the following should not be a criterion for a good research project?
A) Demonstrates the abilities of the researcher
B) Is dependent on the completion of other projects
C) Demonstrates the integration of different fields of knowledge
D) Develops the skills of the researcher

Accepted Answer

A good research project should ideally be independent and self-contained, not contingent on the completion of other projects to ensure its feasibility and success.

Question 2

Research that seeks to examine the findings of a study by using the same design but a different sample is which of the following?
A) An exploratory study
B) A replication study
C) An empirical study
D) Hypothesis testing

Accepted Answer

A replication study aims to examine the findings of a previous study by using the same design but with a different sample to verify the results' reliability and validity.

Question 3

A researcher designs an experiment to test how variables interact to influence job-seeking behaviours. The main purpose of the study was:
A) Description
B) Prediction
C) Exploration
D) Explanation

Accepted Answer

The main purpose of the study is explanation, as it aims to understand how variables interact to influence job-seeking behaviours, which involves explaining the relationships and interactions between different factors.

Question 4

Cyber bullying at work is a growing threat to employee job satisfaction. Researchers want to find out why people do this and how they feel about it. The primary purpose of the study is:
A) Description
B) Prediction
C) Exploration
D) Explanation

Accepted Answer

The primary purpose is exploration, as the researchers aim to investigate the reasons behind cyberbullying at work and the feelings associated with it, indicating a quest for understanding rather than merely describing, predicting, or explaining established facts.

Question 5

A theory:
A) Is an accumulated body of knowledge
B) Includes inconsequential ideas
C) Is independent of research methodology
D) Should be viewed uncritically

Accepted Answer

A theory is indeed an accumulated body of knowledge, which is developed through research and the systematic observation of phenomena. Theories are not just any ideas; they are well-substantiated explanations. They are not independent of research methodology; rather, they are often developed and tested through various research methods. Theories should not be viewed uncritically but should be critically evaluated and tested against empirical evidence.

Question 6

Which research method is a bottom-up approach to research?
A) Deductive method
B) Explanatory method
C) Inductive method
D) Exploratory method

Accepted Answer

The inductive method is a bottom-up approach to research, starting with specific observations or data and then moving towards broader generalizations and theories.

Question 7

How much confidence should you place in a single research study?
A) You should trust research findings after different researchers have replicated the findings
B) You should completely trust a single research study
C) Neither a nor b
D) Both a and b

Accepted Answer

Replicability is a cornerstone of scientific research. Trust in research findings increases when different researchers can replicate the findings under similar conditions, indicating the results are not due to chance or specific circumstances of a single study. A single research study, while potentially informative, may have limitations or biases that replication can help to identify and mitigate.

Question 8

A qualitative research problem statement:
A) Specifies the research methods to be utilized
B) Specifies a research hypothesis
C) Expresses a relationship between variables
D) Conveys a sense of emerging design

Accepted Answer

A qualitative research problem statement often conveys a sense of emerging design, reflecting the flexible and iterative nature of qualitative research, rather than specifying methods, hypotheses, or relationships between variables upfront.

Question 9

Which of the following is a good research question?
A) To produce a report on student job searching behaviours
B) To identify the relationship between self-efficacy and student job searching behaviours
C) Students with higher levels of self-efficacy will demonstrate more active job searching behaviours
D) Do students with high levels of self-efficacy demonstrate more active job searching behaviours?

Accepted Answer

A good research question is clear, focused, and researchable. Option D is a clear and focused question that can be empirically tested, making it suitable for research.

Question 10

A review of the literature prior to formulating research questions allows the researcher to:
A) Provide an up-to-date understanding of the subject, its significance, and structure
B) Guide the development of research questions
C) Present the kinds of research methodologies used in previous studies
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Reviewing literature before formulating research questions helps in understanding the current state of knowledge, guiding the development of new questions, and identifying methodologies used in past research, thus encompassing all the options listed.

Question 11

Sometimes a comprehensive review of the literature prior to data collection is not recommended by:
A) Ethnomethodology
B) Grounded theory
C) Symbolic interactionism
D) Feminist theory

Accepted Answer

Grounded theory advocates for the collection and analysis of data simultaneously without a comprehensive literature review at the outset. This approach allows for theories to emerge from the data itself, rather than fitting data into existing theories.

Question 12

Research that uses qualitative methods for one phase and quantitative methods for the next phase is known as:
A) Action research
B) Mixed-method research
C) Quantitative research
D) Pragmatic research

Accepted Answer

Mixed-method research involves combining qualitative and quantitative research methods, allowing for a more comprehensive analysis by leveraging the strengths of both approaches.

Question 13

Research hypotheses are:
A) Formulated prior to a review of the literature
B) Statements of predicted relationships between variables
C) B but not A
D) Both A and B

Accepted Answer

Research hypotheses are statements of predicted relationships between variables, and they are typically formulated after a review of the literature to ensure they are grounded in existing knowledge.

Question 14

Which research approach is based on the epistemological viewpoint of pragmatism?
A) Quantitative research
B) Qualitative research
C) Mixed-methods research
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Mixed-methods research is based on the epistemological viewpoint of pragmatism, which integrates both quantitative and qualitative approaches to answer research questions.

Question 15

Adopting ethical principles in research means:
A) Avoiding harm to participants
B) The researcher is anonymous
C) Deception is only used when necessary
D) Selected informants give their consent

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adopting ethical principles in research means:
A) Avoiding...

Question 16

A radical perspective on ethics suggests that:
A) Researchers can do anything they want
B) The use of checklists of ethical actions is essential
C) The powers of Institutional Review Boards should be strengthened
D) Ethics should be based on self-reflexivity

Accepted Answer

A radical perspective on ethics emphasizes the importance of self-reflexivity, meaning individuals should critically examine their own values, actions, and their impact on others, rather than strictly adhering to predefined rules or relying solely on regulatory bodies.

Question 17

Ethical problems can arise when researching the Internet because:
A) Everyone has access to digital media
B) Respondents may fake their identities
C) Researchers may fake their identities
D) Internet research has to be covert

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ethical problems can arise when researching the...

Question 18

The Kappa statistic:
A) Is a measure of inter-judge validity
B) Compares the level of agreement between two judges against what might have been predicted by chance
C) Ranges from 0 to +1
D) Is acceptable above a score of 0.5

Accepted Answer

The Kappa statistic measures inter-rater reliability by comparing the observed agreement between two judges to the agreement expected by chance. It typically ranges from -1 to +1, not 0 to +1, and a score above 0.6 is generally considered acceptable, not 0.5.

Quiz 1: Part A: Principles and Planning for Research

Which of the following should not be a criterion for a good research project?

Research that seeks to examine the findings of a study by using the same design but a different sample is which of the following?

A researcher designs an experiment to test how variables interact to influence job-seeking behaviours. The main purpose of the study was:

Cyber bullying at work is a growing threat to employee job satisfaction. Researchers want to find out why people do this and how they feel about it. The primary purpose of the study is:

A theory:

Which research method is a bottom-up approach to research?

How much confidence should you place in a single research study?

A qualitative research problem statement:

Which of the following is a good research question?

A review of the literature prior to formulating research questions allows the researcher to:

Sometimes a comprehensive review of the literature prior to data collection is not recommended by:

Research that uses qualitative methods for one phase and quantitative methods for the next phase is known as:

Research hypotheses are:

Which research approach is based on the epistemological viewpoint of pragmatism?

Adopting ethical principles in research means:

A radical perspective on ethics suggests that:

Ethical problems can arise when researching the Internet because:

The Kappa statistic: