Question 1

LeDoux proposed that sensory input arrives in a brain structure splits the signal, sending part of the message to the cortex and part of the message to the amygdala. What brain structure does the splitting and transmitting?
A) hypothalamus
B) cerebellum
C) frontal lobe
D) thalamus

Accepted Answer

LeDoux's model of emotion, specifically fear processing, suggests that sensory input is first received by the thalamus, which then splits the signal. One part of the signal is sent directly to the amygdala for a quick, albeit less precise, response. The other part is sent to the cortex for a more detailed analysis before it reaches the amygdala. This dual pathway allows for both rapid and more thoughtful responses to stimuli.

Question 2

During emotional arousal, the ________ nervous system prepares the body for fight or flight and the ________ nervous system restores the body to homeostasis.
A) sympathetic; parasympathetic
B) parasympathetic; sympathetic
C) autonomic; somatic
D) somatic; autonomic

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response during emotional arousal, while the parasympathetic nervous system helps restore the body to a state of calm or homeostasis.

Question 3

Which one of the components of emotion is the most difficult to measure in a scientific fashion?
A) biological
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) social

Accepted Answer

Cognitive components of emotion, which involve subjective interpretation and thought processes, are the most difficult to measure scientifically because they are internal and cannot be directly observed or quantified like biological, behavioral, or social components.

Question 4

If verbal and nonverbal behaviors do not match, most people will use which behavior to make their judgments about others?
A) verbal
B) nonverbal
C) a mix of verbal and nonverbal
D) situationally dependent

Accepted Answer

Nonverbal behaviors often convey more about a person's true feelings and intentions than verbal communication. When there is a discrepancy between what someone says and their nonverbal cues, people tend to trust the nonverbal behaviors more in making judgments about others.

Question 5

Which theory says that emotion results from physiological arousal followed by expression of the emotion?
A) Cannon-Bard
B) James-Lange
C) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
D) Schachter's two-factor

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion proposes that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events. According to this theory, the body first responds to a stimulus with physiological arousal, and then it is the interpretation of this physical response that leads to the emotional experience.

Question 6

Recent research suggests that which of the following may be biological in origin, even by family members who have been blind since birth?
A) emotional catharsis
B) emotional expression
C) facial expressions
D) scowls

Accepted Answer

Facial expressions are considered to be biological in origin, as studies have shown that even individuals who have been blind since birth exhibit similar facial expressions to sighted people when expressing emotions, indicating a genetic or innate basis for these expressions.

Question 7

The idea that emotions are universal can be supported by the following evidence:
A) Infants only a few hours old do not show facial expressions that match those of adults.
B) Infants who are born deaf and blind fail to show similar facial expressions to hearing and sighted infants.
C) There are similar facial expressions for emotions across some cultures.
D) There are substantially different facial expressions of emotions across cultures.

Accepted Answer

The idea that emotions are universal is supported by evidence showing that similar facial expressions for emotions are observed across different cultures. This suggests that the expression of emotions through facial expressions is innate and not solely learned through cultural or social interactions.

Question 8

Which of the following is consistent with evidence regarding display rules?
A) North Americans and Asians are more likely to display physical contact such as hugging in public.
B) Latin Americans and Middle Easterners are not likely to embrace or hold hands as a display of friendship.
C) They involve rules for when, how, and where it is appropriate to display emotions.
D) They do not vary as a function of culture.

Accepted Answer

Display rules are cultural norms that dictate the appropriate expressions of emotion in various situations. They guide when, how, and where it is suitable to show emotions, reflecting the social and cultural expectations of behavior.

Question 9

Which of the following is a typical physiological measure obtained by polygraph tests?
A) body temperature
B) brain electrical activity
C) respiration
D) cortisol secretion

Accepted Answer

Polygraph tests, commonly known as lie detector tests, typically measure physiological responses that are believed to change under stress or when a person is not telling the truth. These include heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and skin conductivity, but not direct measures of body temperature, brain electrical activity, or cortisol secretion. Among the options provided, respiration is a standard physiological measure recorded during polygraph tests.

Question 10

According to the ________ law, one's maximum performance is most likely to occur at low levels of arousal for a complex task, and higher levels of arousal for a simple task.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the ________ law, one's maximum...

Question 11

The ________ hypothalamus is known to be a stimulatory center for eating; that is, it prompts us to begin eating when it is activated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ hypothalamus is known to be...

Question 12

The disorder that involves recurrent episodes of consuming large amounts of food in a discrete period of time, while feeling a lack of control over eating, that is NOT followed by compensatory purging behaviors is called ________ disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The disorder that involves recurrent episodes of...

Question 13

According to the ________ theory of emotions, we feel sad because we are crying.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the ________ theory of emotions,...

Question 14

The ________ test, which is commonly and somewhat inaccurately referred to as a lie detector, can be defeated by manipulating one's results during control questions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ test, which is commonly and...

Question 15

Contrast the instinct, drive-reduction, incentive, and cognitive theories of motivation, providing an original example of each motive in action.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contrast the instinct, drive-reduction, incentive, and cognitive...

Question 16

Describe the arousal motive and state how it affects human functioning. Describe and illustrate the four factors that have been associated with the sensation-seeking motive.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the arousal motive and state how...

Question 17

Define and illustrate the needs at each level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Describe a time in your (or a friend's) life when (1) a "higher" motive had to wait until a "lower" motive was met, and (2) a "higher" motive occurred before a "lower" need was met.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define and illustrate the needs at each...

Question 18

Define obesity, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. State your textbook's summary of the causes and dangers of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define obesity, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and...

Question 19

Identify the six traits that distinguish people with high achievement motivation. How do these traits develop?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the six traits that distinguish people...

Question 20

Imagine that you are a teacher. Define the concepts of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and use them to describe how you would encourage students to learn lecture and text material.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that you are a teacher. Define...

Quiz 11: Motivation and Emotion

LeDoux proposed that sensory input arrives in a brain structure splits the signal, sending part of the message to the cortex and part of the message to the amygdala. What brain structure does the splitting and transmitting?

During emotional arousal, the nervous system prepares the body for fight or flight and the nervous system restores the body to homeostasis.

Which one of the components of emotion is the most difficult to measure in a scientific fashion?

If verbal and nonverbal behaviors do not match, most people will use which behavior to make their judgments about others?

Which theory says that emotion results from physiological arousal followed by expression of the emotion?

Recent research suggests that which of the following may be biological in origin, even by family members who have been blind since birth?

The idea that emotions are universal can be supported by the following evidence:

Which of the following is consistent with evidence regarding display rules?

Which of the following is a typical physiological measure obtained by polygraph tests?