Question 1

Based on instinct theory, which one of the following is true?
A) The list of possible instincts is incredibly large.
B) Instincts provide logical explanations for behavior.
C) Instincts are shown only in nonhuman species.
D) Instincts lead to scientific explanations of behavior.

Accepted Answer

Instinct theory suggests that the list of possible instincts that drive behaviors is incredibly large, encompassing a wide range of innate, fixed patterns of behavior in response to specific stimuli. This theory has historically posited that humans and animals are driven by these pre-programmed instincts.

Question 2

Which of the following is explained by the drive-reduction theory of motivation?
A) Jafar decides to stay in the pool even after he has cooled down.
B) Even though he is not thirsty, Joshua decides to drink another delicious cup of lemonade.
C) Jeffrey stops running in the marathon once of all his vital signs are working overtime.
D) Sally decides to stay under the blanket once she is all warmed up.

Accepted Answer

Drive-reduction theory suggests that motivation arises from the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs. Jeffrey stopping running when his vital signs are overworked aligns with this theory, as he is likely trying to reduce the physiological stress and restore balance.

Question 3

Oriana was kidnapped and deprived of water for three days. Drive-reduction theory suggests that her internal need for water will ________.
A) reduce her self-esteem if she cooperates with her captors
B) discourage her from cooperating with her captors
C) push her towards cooperating with her captors
D) cause her to quit cooperating with her captors

Accepted Answer

Drive-reduction theory posits that deprivation of basic needs, such as water, creates a physiological need that drives an individual to perform actions that will reduce the need, in this case, potentially cooperating with captors to obtain water.

Question 4

According to drive-reduction theory, needs create drives, which in turn motivate ________.
A) homeostasis
B) theories
C) actions
D) need satisfaction

Accepted Answer

Drive-reduction theory posits that needs lead to psychological states of tension called drives, which motivate individuals to undertake actions to reduce those drives, thereby satisfying the needs.

Question 5

The Yerkes-Dodson curve, which describes the relationship between arousal and performance, is shaped like a(n) ________.
A) straight horizontal line
B) straight diagonal line
C) perfectly symmetrical V
D) upside-down U

Accepted Answer

The Yerkes-Dodson curve is shaped like an upside-down U, illustrating that an optimal level of arousal leads to peak performance, while too little or too much arousal can decrease performance.

Question 6

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, performance is typically best for most tasks when you are experiencing ________.
A) high levels of arousal
B) low levels of arousal
C) moderate levels of arousal
D) either low or high levels of arousal

Accepted Answer

The Yerkes-Dodson law suggests that there is an optimal level of arousal for performance on any task: too little arousal can lead to underperformance, while too much can also impair performance. Moderate levels of arousal are generally best for achieving peak performance.

Question 7

Mary's car just broke down, so she has to run the rest of the way to school and arrives 5 minutes late for her psychology exam. Her heart is pounding, and she can hardly catch her breath. According to arousal theory, how well will Mary perform on her exam if it is on material that is complicated and took a lot of time to understand?
A) She will get a perfect score on the exam.
B) She will be average in her performance.
C) She will do poorly on the exam.
D) There is not enough information to determine how well she will perform.

Accepted Answer

According to arousal theory, optimal performance on complex tasks occurs at lower levels of arousal. Since Mary is highly aroused (her heart is pounding, and she can hardly catch her breath), it is likely that her performance on a complicated exam will be negatively affected, leading to a poor performance.

Question 8

A widely researched model for sensation seeking suggests that people be examined in which set of personality dimensions?
A) dangerousness, antisocial traits, "letting loose," and intolerance for boredom
B) thrill and adventure seeking, experience seeking, disinhibition, and susceptibility to boredom
C) adventurousness, physical prowess, creative morality, and charisma
D) dangerousness, adventurousness, creativity, and thrill seeking

Accepted Answer

The widely researched model for sensation seeking, developed by psychologist Marvin Zuckerman, includes four dimensions: thrill and adventure seeking, experience seeking, disinhibition, and susceptibility to boredom. These dimensions capture the variety of ways in which individuals seek novel and intense experiences.

Question 9

According to your textbook, sensation seeking is a trait thought to be ________.
A) biologically prewired
B) a result of being raised in a sensation-seeking type of environment
C) an interaction between nature and nurture
D) a compensatory response to childhood boredom

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to your textbook, sensation seeking is...

Question 10

The notion that the relationship between one's best performance and their level of arousal is mediated by the complexity of the task being performed is the crux of the ________.
A) hypothesis of regression to the mean
B) Law of Effect
C) Flynn Effect
D) Yerkes-Dodson law

Accepted Answer

The Yerkes-Dodson law posits that there is an optimal level of arousal for best performance on any task: the more complex the task, the lower the level of arousal that can be tolerated before performance deteriorates.

Question 11

The ________ theory says people are "pulled" by external stimuli to act a certain way, whereas the ________ theory says people are "pushed" by internal stimuli to act that way.
A) cognitive; incentive
B) incentive; drive-reduction
C) Maslow's hierarchy of needs; incentive
D) incentive; cognitive

Accepted Answer

The incentive theory suggests that behavior is motivated by a desire for external rewards, while the drive-reduction theory posits that behavior is motivated by the need to reduce internal tension or drives.

Question 12

Chelsea believes that even though she works long hours and produces high-quality work, her boss will never give her a promotion. This is an example of a(n) ________.
A) attribution
B) expectancy
C) incentive
D) arousal

Accepted Answer

This is an example of expectancy, which refers to the belief about the likelihood of receiving a reward or achieving a goal as a result of one's efforts. Chelsea's belief that her efforts will not lead to a promotion reflects her expectations about the outcomes of her work.

Question 13

Which theory of motivation would be best described as a biopsychosocial approach?
A) the drive reduction theory
B) the incentive model
C) instinct theory
D) Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is considered a biopsychosocial approach because it integrates biological, psychological, and social factors. It suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to higher-level needs, encompassing a wide range of human motivations.

Question 14

Which set of needs is at the top of Maslow's original hierarchy of needs?
A) self-esteem
B) belongingness and love
C) safety
D) self-actualization

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs culminates in self-actualization, which represents the fulfillment of an individual's potential and is at the top of the hierarchy.

Question 15

According to your textbook, which of the following statements is a criticism of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
A) It is biased toward Western preferences for individualism.
B) The model is not well-researched.
C) People sometimes seek to satisfy lower-level needs before higher-level needs.
D) Belongingness and love are not really needs.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs has been criticized for being biased toward Western individualistic cultures, which may not prioritize needs in the same way as collectivist cultures.

Question 16

The need to seek pleasure and avoid pain would fall under which category of needs on Maslow's hierarchy?
A) esteem needs
B) belongingness and love needs
C) safety needs
D) self-actualization needs

Accepted Answer

The need to seek pleasure and avoid pain is fundamentally related to Maslow's concept of safety needs. Safety needs include personal security, employment, resources, health, and property among others, essentially focusing on the avoidance of harm and the assurance of security.

Question 17

The hypothalamus regulates which of the following?
A) eating and body temperature only
B) body temperature only
C) eating and drinking only
D) eating, drinking, and body temperature

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is a crucial part of the brain involved in many functions, including the regulation of eating, drinking, and body temperature. It acts as a control center for various autonomic functions of the peripheral nervous system and plays a significant role in the endocrine system by secreting hormones that can stimulate or inhibit the release of hormones in the pituitary gland.

Question 18

When the ventromedial hypothalamus is lesioned, animals will ________.
A) stop eating and must be force-fed
B) eat every 2-3 days
C) eat to the point of extreme obesity
D) experience a decrease in insulin

Accepted Answer

The ventromedial hypothalamus acts as a satiety center in the brain. When it is lesioned, animals lose the ability to recognize when they are full, leading to overeating and extreme obesity.

Question 19

Hunger and eating are influenced by ________.
A) numerous neural circuits that run throughout the brain
B) only two neural circuits that run throughout the brain
C) the hypothalamus only
D) enzymatic activity.

Accepted Answer

Hunger and eating are influenced by numerous neural circuits that run throughout the brain, not just a single area or a couple of circuits. These circuits involve various brain regions, including the hypothalamus, which plays a crucial role in regulating hunger and satiety signals, but it's not the only part involved.

Question 20

Which of these is an important psychological influence on when, what, where, and why we eat?
A) advertising
B) sound
C) cultural conditioning
D) vision

Accepted Answer

Cultural conditioning plays a significant role in shaping our eating habits, including when, what, where, and why we eat.

Quiz 11: Motivation and Emotion

Based on instinct theory, which one of the following is true?

Which of the following is explained by the drive-reduction theory of motivation?

Oriana was kidnapped and deprived of water for three days. Drive-reduction theory suggests that her internal need for water will ________.

According to drive-reduction theory, needs create drives, which in turn motivate ________.

The Yerkes-Dodson curve, which describes the relationship between arousal and performance, is shaped like a(n) ________.

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, performance is typically best for most tasks when you are experiencing ________.

A widely researched model for sensation seeking suggests that people be examined in which set of personality dimensions?

According to your textbook, sensation seeking is a trait thought to be ________.

The notion that the relationship between one's best performance and their level of arousal is mediated by the complexity of the task being performed is the crux of the ________.

The theory says people are "pulled" by external stimuli to act a certain way, whereas the theory says people are "pushed" by internal stimuli to act that way.

Chelsea believes that even though she works long hours and produces high-quality work, her boss will never give her a promotion. This is an example of a(n) ________.

Which theory of motivation would be best described as a biopsychosocial approach?

Which set of needs is at the top of Maslow's original hierarchy of needs?

According to your textbook, which of the following statements is a criticism of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

The need to seek pleasure and avoid pain would fall under which category of needs on Maslow's hierarchy?

The hypothalamus regulates which of the following?

When the ventromedial hypothalamus is lesioned, animals will ________.

Hunger and eating are influenced by ________.

Which of these is an important psychological influence on when, what, where, and why we eat?