Question 1

The statement aerobic organisms use oxygen to generate energy required to maintain metabolic processes yet they risk damage caused by highly reactive oxygen molecules can be referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

The term "oxygen paradox" refers to the dichotomy where aerobic organisms require oxygen for energy production through metabolic processes, but simultaneously, oxygen can form reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage cellular components. This paradox highlights the essential yet potentially harmful role of oxygen in biology.

Question 2

The ultimate waste products of aerobic cellular metabolism of oxygen include __________.

Accepted Answer

The ultimate waste products of aerobic cellular metabolism of oxygen include carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Pyruvate and ethyl alcohol are products of anaerobic metabolism, and carbon monoxide is not a product of cellular metabolism but a toxic gas.

Question 3

According to the solid state model of electron transport, electron transfer is efficient because __________.

Accepted Answer

The solid state model of electron transport suggests that electron transfer is efficient due to short diffusion distances between components for mobile electron carriers, allowing for rapid and direct transfer of electrons.

Question 4

How many protons are required to drive the phosphorylation of ADP by the mitochondrial ATP synthase?

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

A respiratory burst is initiated when NADPH reacts with oxygen to produce which of the following?

Accepted Answer

NADPH oxidase catalyzes the reaction of NADPH with oxygen to produce superoxide anion during the respiratory burst in phagocytes.

Question 6

Antimycin A inhibits cyt b in complex III. If this inhibitor is added to a suspension of mitochondria which of the following will increase in concentration?

Accepted Answer

Antimycin A inhibits the electron transport chain at complex III, leading to an accumulation of electrons in the form of NADH, as they cannot be passed down the chain.

Question 7

What is the glycerol phosphate shuttle?

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

What is a respiratory burst?

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

Describe the principle features of the chemiosmotic theory.

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

What are the principle sources of electrons for the electron transport system?

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

How does nitrophenol inhibit ATP synthesis?

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

Compare the amount of energy captured from a mole of glucose from glycolysis alone with that of oxidative phosphorylation.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Describe the enzymatic activities used by cells to protect themselves from oxidative damage.

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

Describe the types of cellular damage produced by ROS.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

What material accumulates when azide (N₃^-) is added to actively respiring mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

When rotenone is added to actively respiring mitochondria the ratio of NADH to NAD⁺ increases, but the FADH₂/FAD remains unchanged. What step in the system is being inhibited?

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

List some of the causes of reperfusion triggered cardiac cell damage.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Explain why rotenone inhibits oxidative phosphorylation when the substrate is pyruvate but not when succinate is used.

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Describe the processes that are driven by mitochondrial electron transport.

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

What would be the end products when the following substances are final electron acceptors in the electron transport system: nitrate, ferric ion, carbon dioxide, sulfate and sulfur?

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 10: Aerobic Metabolism II: Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation