Question 1

Consider that you want to examine bullying at a high school. The list of high school students from the administrator's office is the ______, while the number of high school students included in your final sample is the ______.
A) obtained sample; sampling frame
B) sampling frame; obtained sample
C) sampling frame; desired sample
D) desired sample; sampling frame

Accepted Answer

The sampling frame is the list of individuals from which the sample is drawn (in this case, the list of high school students from the administrator's office), and the obtained sample is the actual number of students who are included in the study.

Question 2

Which of the following does NOT increase the representativeness of a sample?
A) larger samples
B) homogeneous population
C) heterogeneous population
D) sample's fraction of the total population is large

Accepted Answer

A heterogeneous population does not increase the representativeness of a sample because it introduces more variability, making it harder to ensure that the sample accurately reflects the entire population.

Question 3

Which of the following random samples does NOT require a sampling frame?
A) simple random sample
B) systematic random sample
C) stratified random sample
D) multistage cluster sample

Accepted Answer

Multistage cluster sampling does not require a sampling frame for the entire population. Instead, it involves selecting random clusters from the population and then sampling within these clusters, which can be more practical when a complete list of the population is not available.

Question 4

After selecting and numbering the elements in her sampling frame, Tara decided to go to a website and used a systematic procedure for picking corresponding numbers from a random number table. Which type of random sample did she employ?
A) simple random sample
B) systematic random rample
C) stratified random sample
D) multistage cluster sample

Accepted Answer

Tara used a systematic procedure to select numbers from a random number table, which aligns with the method of a simple random sample where each element has an equal chance of being selected.

Question 5

In almost all sampling situations, systematic random sampling yields what is essentially a simple random sample. However, the differ based on the fact that the sequence of elements is affected by ______.
A) sampling interval
B) periodicity
C) random digit dialing
D) probability

Accepted Answer

Systematic random sampling can be affected by periodicity in the sequence of elements, which means if the list has a hidden order or pattern that matches the sampling interval, it could bias the sample. This doesn't happen in simple random sampling where every element has an equal chance of selection without regard to order or pattern.

Question 6

Samples are easier to collect because of all the of the following EXCEPT ______.
A) less time needed
B) less money needed
C) less need for prior information
D) less need for control over sampling

Accepted Answer

Sampling typically requires control over the process to ensure that the sample is representative of the larger population. This control is necessary to minimize bias and ensure the validity of the results.

Question 7

The National Crime Victimization Survey selects subjects by identifying rural counties or metropolitan areas as primary sampling units, then chooses geographic regions within these units, and then chooses addresses within the geographic regions. This is an example of ______.
A) simple random sampling
B) multistage cluster sampling
C) disproportionate stratified sampling
D) systematic random sampling

Accepted Answer

This is an example of multistage cluster sampling because the process involves selecting larger groups (rural counties or metropolitan areas) and then progressively narrowing down to smaller, more specific groups (geographic regions within those units, and finally addresses within those regions).

Question 8

Replacement sampling is a method of sampling in which sample elements are returned to the sampling frame after being selected, so they may be sampled again. This type of sampling is associated with which type of random sampling procedure?
A) simple random sample
B) systematic random rample
C) stratified random sample
D) multistage cluster sample

Accepted Answer

Replacement sampling is directly associated with simple random sampling, where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, and members can be chosen more than once if they are replaced back into the population after selection.

Question 9

Dr. Smart is interested in conducting a study on a previously understudied research setting. Which of the following sampling methods could be appropriate for the exploratory nature of her study?
A) simple random sample
B) multistage cluster sample
C) disproportionate stratified sample
D) availability sample

Accepted Answer

Availability sampling is appropriate for exploratory studies where the research setting is previously understudied, and the researcher may rely on participants that are readily available to gain initial insights.

Question 10

A study is conducted of gang recruitment and sources of intergang conflict. Using a contact at a local youth program, the researcher is able to meet each gang's leader. A prescreening questionnaire determines which gang leaders are knowledgeable in these areas and should be included in the sample. This sampling method would be termed ______.
A) availability sampling
B) quota sampling
C) multistage cluster sampling
D) purposive sampling

Accepted Answer

The method described is purposive sampling because the researcher intentionally selects participants who are knowledgeable about gang recruitment and intergang conflict, rather than randomly or based on availability.

Question 11

Suppose we are interested in investigating the crime of personal larceny with contact, which generally involves pocket picking and purse snatching. Because elderly citizens are disproportionately victimized by this crime, we would want to make sure we have enough elderly victims in our sample to make comparisons to younger cohorts. What type of sampling method would we use?
A) availability sampling
B) quota sampling
C) multistage cluster sampling
D) purposive sampling

Accepted Answer

Quota sampling is used in this scenario because it allows the researcher to ensure that the sample includes enough elderly victims to make meaningful comparisons with younger cohorts. This method involves setting quotas for different groups (in this case, age groups) to ensure that the sample reflects the diversity of the population being studied.

Question 12

In a study of juvenile gangs, researchers asked youth gang members that they already knew to refer them to others to interview. They engaged in which type of sampling method?
A) availability sampling
B) quota sampling
C) snowball sampling
D) purposive sampling

Accepted Answer

Snowball sampling involves asking current study participants to refer others to the study, which is particularly useful for accessing hard-to-reach populations, such as youth gang members.

Question 13

Which of the following nonprobability sampling methods requires that the researcher know the characteristics of the entire population?
A) availability sampling
B) quota sampling
C) snowball sampling
D) purposive sampling

Accepted Answer

Quota sampling requires the researcher to know specific characteristics of the population to ensure that the sample represents those characteristics proportionally. This method involves selecting people non-randomly according to a fixed quota that reflects the makeup of the population.

Question 14

Dr. Henry is interested in conducting a key informant survey of all those knowledgable of criminal justice policies in his community. According to your text, what type of sampling method would he most likely use?
A) availability sampling
B) quota sampling
C) multistage cluster sampling
D) purposive sampling

Accepted Answer

Purposive sampling is the most likely method Dr. Henry would use for a key informant survey because it involves selecting individuals who are especially knowledgeable about the topic of interest, in this case, criminal justice policies.

Question 15

A researcher might conclude from a sample of 200 college students that he can be 95% confident that the true mean number of hours spent studying each week in the total population of college students is between 6 and 9 hours. The range from 6 to 9 hours represents which of the following?
A) confidence interval
B) sampling distribution
C) inferential statistic
D) confidence limits

Accepted Answer

The range from 6 to 9 hours represents a confidence interval, which is an estimate of the range within which the true population parameter (in this case, the mean number of hours spent studying each week) is expected to fall with a certain level of confidence (95% in this scenario).

Question 16

According to your text, which of the following would increase our confidence that the estimates derived from our sample are representative of the population?
A) diverse sample
B) heterogeneous sample
C) a larger sample
D) conventional sample

Accepted Answer

A larger sample size generally increases the confidence that the estimates derived from the sample are representative of the population, as it reduces sampling error.

Question 17

Random sampling error refers to variation between the population and the sample that is based on ______.
A) inferential statistics
B) sampling distribution
C) heterogeneity of sample
D) chance factors

Accepted Answer

Random sampling error refers to the variation between the population and the sample that occurs due to chance factors. This type of error is inherent in the sampling process and occurs because a sample is only a part of the population, not the whole.

Question 18

Which of the following represents the upper and lower bounds around an estimate of a population parameter based on a sample statistic?
A) confidence interval
B) sampling distribution
C) inferential statistic
D) confidence limits

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following represents the upper...

Question 19

To determine the generalizability of someone else's findings, we have to understand how and why researchers decide to sample.

Accepted Answer

Understanding the sampling method and rationale behind it is crucial for assessing the generalizability of research findings, as it influences the extent to which the results can be applied to populations beyond the study sample.

Question 20

The ability to generalize our findings to a population depends on how well we collected the sample.

Accepted Answer

The ability to generalize findings to a broader population is significantly influenced by the representativeness and method of sample collection, ensuring it accurately reflects the diversity and characteristics of the entire population.

Quiz 5: Sampling

Consider that you want to examine bullying at a high school. The list of high school students from the administrator's office is the , while the number of high school students included in your final sample is the .

Which of the following does NOT increase the representativeness of a sample?

Which of the following random samples does NOT require a sampling frame?

After selecting and numbering the elements in her sampling frame, Tara decided to go to a website and used a systematic procedure for picking corresponding numbers from a random number table. Which type of random sample did she employ?

In almost all sampling situations, systematic random sampling yields what is essentially a simple random sample. However, the differ based on the fact that the sequence of elements is affected by ______.

Samples are easier to collect because of all the of the following EXCEPT ______.

The National Crime Victimization Survey selects subjects by identifying rural counties or metropolitan areas as primary sampling units, then chooses geographic regions within these units, and then chooses addresses within the geographic regions. This is an example of ______.

Replacement sampling is a method of sampling in which sample elements are returned to the sampling frame after being selected, so they may be sampled again. This type of sampling is associated with which type of random sampling procedure?

Dr. Smart is interested in conducting a study on a previously understudied research setting. Which of the following sampling methods could be appropriate for the exploratory nature of her study?

In a study of juvenile gangs, researchers asked youth gang members that they already knew to refer them to others to interview. They engaged in which type of sampling method?

Which of the following nonprobability sampling methods requires that the researcher know the characteristics of the entire population?

Dr. Henry is interested in conducting a key informant survey of all those knowledgable of criminal justice policies in his community. According to your text, what type of sampling method would he most likely use?

A researcher might conclude from a sample of 200 college students that he can be 95% confident that the true mean number of hours spent studying each week in the total population of college students is between 6 and 9 hours. The range from 6 to 9 hours represents which of the following?

According to your text, which of the following would increase our confidence that the estimates derived from our sample are representative of the population?

Random sampling error refers to variation between the population and the sample that is based on ______.

Which of the following represents the upper and lower bounds around an estimate of a population parameter based on a sample statistic?

To determine the generalizability of someone else's findings, we have to understand how and why researchers decide to sample.

The ability to generalize our findings to a population depends on how well we collected the sample.