Question 1

The following questions refer to the table below describing the association between education level and drug use:
Education Level Drug UseLowHighTotalYes210190400No290310600Total5005001,000
-What is the term for the numbers 400 and 600?
A) Base Ns for columns
B) row marginals
C) relative frequencies
D) cell counts

Accepted Answer

The numbers 400 and 600 are the totals for each row, representing the total number of individuals in each category of drug use (Yes or No), thus they are referred to as row marginals.

Question 2

The following questions refer to the table below describing the association between education level and drug use:
Education Level Drug UseLowHighTotalYes210190400No290310600Total5005001,000
-290 is an example of ______.
A) Base Ns for columns
B) row marginals
C) relative frequencies
D) cell counts

Accepted Answer

290 is an example of cell counts, which are the individual numbers that appear in the cells of a table showing the frequency of something, in this case, the number of individuals with a low education level who do not use drugs.

Question 3

How many persons with high education use drugs?
A) 120
B) 190
C) 310
D) 400

Accepted Answer

The answer of How many persons with high education use...

Question 4

What percentage of persons are drug users?
A) 38%
B) 40%
C) 42%
D) 60%

Accepted Answer

The answer of What percentage of persons are drug users?
A)...

Question 5

What percentage of persons with low education do NOT use drugs?
A) 29%
B) 42%
C) 48%
D) 58%

Accepted Answer

58% of persons with low education do not use drugs, as it is the complement of the percentage that does use drugs.

Question 6

In one model, the researcher wants to examine the effect that education has on drug use. To determine if the independent variable (education) has any effect on the dependent variable (drug use), the researcher should calculate ______.
A) column percentages
B) row percentages
C) relative frequencies
D) cell counts

Accepted Answer

The answer of In one model, the researcher wants to...

Question 7

In another model, the researcher wants to examine the effect that drug use has on education. To determine if the independent variable (drug use) has any effect on the dependent variable (education), the researcher should calculate ______.
A) Base Ns for columns
B) row percentages
C) relative frequencies
D) column percentages

Accepted Answer

The answer of In another model, the researcher wants to...

Question 8

A variable's rank order is: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10. What is the median position?
A) 4
B) 5.5
C) 7.5
D) 10

Accepted Answer

The median position in a dataset is the middle value when the data is ordered. Since there are 8 values here, the median would be the average of the 4th and 5th values, which are 7 and 8. Thus, the median position is (7+8)/2 = 7.5.

Question 9

When study results indicate that a prior hypothesis must be rejected, some researchers will explore the data to see if unanticipated relationships might make for more interesting results. In principle this is not a good idea because ______.
A) it takes too much time and energy to dredge the data, and this costs a lot of money
B) it is unlikely to uncover evidence in support of the rejected hypothesis
C) unanticipated results might be based on chance alone
D) the data must obviously be flawed if it cannot support the hypothesis

Accepted Answer

Unanticipated results found after exploring the data without a prior hypothesis can be misleading because they might be based on random variations rather than actual relationships, leading to conclusions that may not be replicable or valid.

Question 10

Using this set of numbers, 2, 2, 4, 6, 9, 11, 14, 18, 21, 33, calculate the mean.
A) 2
B) 4
C) 9
D) 12

Accepted Answer

The mean (average) is calculated by adding all the numbers together and dividing by the count of numbers. Here, $2 + 2 + 4 + 6 + 9 + 11 + 14 + 18 + 21 + 33 = 120$, and $120 \div 10 = 12$.

Question 11

Using this set of numbers, 2, 2, 4, 6, 9, 11, 14, 18, 21, 33, calculate the median.
A) 2
B) 11.5
C) 10
D) 14.5

Accepted Answer

The median is the middle number in a sorted list. The list has 10 numbers, so the median is the average of the 5th and 6th numbers: (9 + 11) / 2 = 10.

Question 12

Using this set of numbers, 2, 2, 4, 6, 9, 11, 14, 18, 21, 33, what is the mode?
A) 2
B) 9
C) 14
D) 31

Accepted Answer

The mode is the number that appears most frequently in a data set. In this set, the number 2 appears twice, more than any other number, making it the mode.

Question 13

Using this set of numbers, 2, 2, 4, 6, 9, 11, 14, 18, 21, 33, calculate the range.
A) 2
B) 19
C) 31
D) 33

Accepted Answer

The range is calculated by subtracting the smallest number in the set from the largest number. Here, the smallest number is 2 and the largest is 33, so the range is 33 - 2 = 31.

Question 14

Using this set of numbers, 2, 2, 4, 6, 9, 11, 14, 18, 21, 33, calculate the variance.
A) 9.3
B) 31.0
C) 66.3
D) 87.2

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using this set of numbers, 2, 2,...

Question 15

Using this set of numbers, 2, 2, 4, 6, 9, 11, 14, 18, 21, 33, in the distribution, the value of 33 is ______.
A) the standard deviation
B) an outlier
C) another mode
D) the Base N

Accepted Answer

The value of 33 is significantly higher than the rest of the numbers in the set, making it an outlier. It deviates markedly from the other observations.

Question 16

Which of the following is a primary feature of the shape of a distribution?
A) central tendency
B) variability
C) skewness
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

The shape of a distribution is characterized by its central tendency (mean, median, mode), variability (range, variance, standard deviation), and skewness (symmetry or asymmetry of the distribution), making all of these features primary aspects of a distribution's shape.

Question 17

Which of the following graphs is most appropriate for displaying the distribution of variables measured at the nominal level and other discrete categorical variables?
A) bar chart
B) histogram
C) line graph
D) none of these

Accepted Answer

Bar charts are most appropriate for displaying the distribution of variables measured at the nominal level and other discrete categorical variables because they can easily represent different categories of data and the frequency or count of each category.

Question 18

Which of the following graphs is most appropriate for displaying quantitative variables that vary along a continuum?
A) bar chart
B) histogram
C) line graph
D) none of these

Accepted Answer

A histogram is most appropriate for displaying quantitative variables that vary along a continuum because it groups data into bins or intervals, allowing for the visualization of the distribution of the data.

Question 19

Which of the following is useful to display the frequency distribution of a variable when you have too many values to easily comprehend or display?
A) pie chart
B) scatterplot
C) grouped frequency distribution
D) none of these

Accepted Answer

Grouped frequency distribution is useful for summarizing and displaying data, especially when the data set has too many values. It groups the data into intervals, making it easier to comprehend the distribution of the data.

Question 20

Which of the following represents a guideline for combining values in a frequency distribution?
A) Categories should be logically defensible.
B) Categories should be mutually exclusive and exhaustive.
C) The first interval must contain the lowest value.
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

All the options listed are valid guidelines for combining values in a frequency distribution. Categories should be logically defensible, mutually exclusive and exhaustive, and the first interval should indeed contain the lowest value.

Quiz 14: Analyzing Quantitative Data

The following questions refer to the table below describing the association between education level and drug use: Education Level Drug UseLowHighTotalYes210190400No290310600Total5005001,000 -What is the term for the numbers 400 and 600?

The following questions refer to the table below describing the association between education level and drug use: Education Level Drug UseLowHighTotalYes210190400No290310600Total5005001,000 -290 is an example of ______.

How many persons with high education use drugs?

What percentage of persons are drug users?

What percentage of persons with low education do NOT use drugs?

In one model, the researcher wants to examine the effect that education has on drug use. To determine if the independent variable (education) has any effect on the dependent variable (drug use) , the researcher should calculate ______.

In another model, the researcher wants to examine the effect that drug use has on education. To determine if the independent variable (drug use) has any effect on the dependent variable (education) , the researcher should calculate ______.

A variable's rank order is: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10. What is the median position?

When study results indicate that a prior hypothesis must be rejected, some researchers will explore the data to see if unanticipated relationships might make for more interesting results. In principle this is not a good idea because ______.

Using this set of numbers, 2, 2, 4, 6, 9, 11, 14, 18, 21, 33, calculate the mean.

Using this set of numbers, 2, 2, 4, 6, 9, 11, 14, 18, 21, 33, calculate the median.

Using this set of numbers, 2, 2, 4, 6, 9, 11, 14, 18, 21, 33, what is the mode?

Using this set of numbers, 2, 2, 4, 6, 9, 11, 14, 18, 21, 33, calculate the range.

Using this set of numbers, 2, 2, 4, 6, 9, 11, 14, 18, 21, 33, calculate the variance.

Using this set of numbers, 2, 2, 4, 6, 9, 11, 14, 18, 21, 33, in the distribution, the value of 33 is ______.

Which of the following is a primary feature of the shape of a distribution?

Which of the following graphs is most appropriate for displaying the distribution of variables measured at the nominal level and other discrete categorical variables?

Which of the following graphs is most appropriate for displaying quantitative variables that vary along a continuum?

Which of the following is useful to display the frequency distribution of a variable when you have too many values to easily comprehend or display?

Which of the following represents a guideline for combining values in a frequency distribution?