Question 1

Detailed design is important for two reasons. First, preexisting classes and components need to be understood, organized, and pieced together, and second, _____.
A) it is common for the project team to write some code and produce original classes that support the application logic of the system
B) it is tempting to jump in without planning
C) modular design is outdated
D) the SDLC continues to be used instead of a more reliable method of analysis for systems
E) top-down modular approaches are an acceptable method of analysis that must be performed during the planning phase

Accepted Answer

Detailed design is important because it involves creating the architecture and structure of the system using preexisting classes and components, but it also often involves creating new classes to support the application logic of the system. This makes choice A the best answer. The other choices do not accurately reflect the importance of detailed design or the reasons for performing it.

Question 2

In an object-oriented system, changes can take place at the following level of abstraction.
A) variable
B) method
C) class / object
D) cluster (examples: partition, package)
E) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Changes can occur at any level of abstraction in an object-oriented system, including variables, methods, classes/objects, and clusters such as partitions or packages.

Question 3

Fan-out refers to _____.
A) the number of attributes a class has
B) the number of messages sent by a method
C) the number of times a message is sent by a method
D) the number of times an attribute is passed from a class
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Fan-out refers to the number of messages sent by a method. It measures the degree to which a method depends on other methods or classes. High fan-out can affect the maintainability and modifiability of a software system, as changes to one class can have a ripple effect on other classes. Therefore, it is important to maintain a balance between fan-out and fan-in (the number of methods that call a particular method).

Question 4

The basic building block of a system is the _____.
A) object
B) attribute
C) message
D) partition
E) method

Accepted Answer

The basic building block of a system is an object. An object is a combination of data and behavior. It represents an entity in the system and can be anything like a person, place, thing, or concept. Other options like attribute, message, partition, and method are related to objects in some way but are not the basic building blocks of a system.

Question 5

_____ suggests that only the information required to use an object should be available outside the object.
A) encapsulation
B) information hiding
C) polymorphism
D) inheritance
E) cohesion

Accepted Answer

Information hiding is a concept in object-oriented programming that suggests that only the necessary information should be exposed or made available to the user outside the object. This helps in maintaining the privacy and security of the object's internal data and provides better control over the functionality of the object. Encapsulation is a related concept but is about bundling data and methods together in a single entity, whereas polymorphism and inheritance are other concepts in OOP that are not directly related to information hiding. Cohesion is a measure of how well the methods and data members within a class are related and interact with each other, but it is not the same as information hiding.

Question 6

A class has an attribute in which a range of values has a semantic meaning. This class has _____ connascence.
A) Name
B) Type or Class
C) Convention
D) Algorithm
E) Position

Accepted Answer

This type of connascence is called Convention connascence, which involves relying on a shared naming convention to maintain consistency and coherence between different parts of a system. In this case, the range of values has a semantic meaning that is implied by convention, which means that any changes to the range of values may break the existing code that relies on it.

Question 7

When a global data area exists outside individual objects, the resulting system has _____ interaction coupling.
A) stamp
B) data
C) content or pathological
D) common or global
E) control

Accepted Answer

When a global data area exists outside individual objects, the resulting system has common or global interaction coupling, as the data is shared among multiple objects. This can lead to issues with data consistency and can make the system harder to maintain and modify.

Question 8

In terms of levels of abstraction, which of the following is at the lowest level relative to the rest?
A) system
B) partition / package
C) library
D) class / object
E) method

Accepted Answer

Among the given options, method is at the lowest level of abstraction as it is a specific implementation that carries out a particular task within a class or object. Libraries, classes/objects, partitions/packages, and systems are all higher levels of abstraction that consist of multiple lower-level components.

Question 9

Of all of the types of interaction coupling, _____ is the worst.
A) stamp
B) data
C) content or pathological
D) common or global
E) control

Accepted Answer

Content or pathological coupling implies a strong interdependence between modules or components, where one module depends heavily on the internal state or output of another module. This type of coupling can result in fragile and difficult-to-maintain systems.

Question 10

_____ refers to the level of interdependency or interrelationship among the modules in a system.
A) coupling
B) cohesion
C) connascence
D) multiple inheritance
E) single inheritance

Accepted Answer

Coupling refers to the degree to which one module depends on another module. It is a measure of the interdependency among modules.

Question 11

When a method of one object refers to the inside hidden parts of another object, these methods are exhibiting _____ coupling.
A) data
B) stamp
C) control
D) common or global
E) content or pathological

Accepted Answer

When a method of one object refers to the internal hidden parts of another object, it indicates a high level of content or pathological coupling. This type of coupling makes the system more dependent and less maintainable.

Question 12

Object-oriented systems have three general types of cohesion: _____, _____, and _____.
A) method, class, inheritance
B) method, generalization / specialization, inheritance
C) generalization / specialization, class, object
D) method, class, generalization / specialization
E) functional, sequential, procedural

Accepted Answer

Method cohesion refers to the grouping of methods that work together to perform a specific task, class cohesion refers to the grouping of attributes and methods that are related to a specific class, and generalization/specialization cohesion refers to the grouping of classes that share common attributes and methods through inheritance. Option A is incorrect because inheritance is not a type of cohesion. Option B is incorrect because generalization/specialization cohesion is already listed as one of the choices, and sequential and procedural cohesions are not types of cohesion in object-oriented systems. Option C is incorrect because object cohesion is not listed as a choice. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 13

A class / object should only represent one thing, and a method should only solve a single task. This principle is often referred to as _____.
A) coupling
B) cohesion
C) connascence
D) multiple inheritance
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The principle described in this question is known as the "Single Responsibility Principle". Option B, "cohesion", also refers to the idea of keeping related functionality within a single unit (class, module, etc.), which is closely related to the Single Responsibility Principle. Options A, C, and D are not directly related to this principle.

Question 14

In order to get an object to perform a method, a(n) _____ is sent to the object.
A) state
B) object
C) attribute
D) message
E) instance

Accepted Answer

A message is sent to the object in order to get it to perform a specific method. This message contains the name of the method to be performed, as well as any necessary parameters. The object receives the message and executes the corresponding method.

Question 15

Which of the following Structured English statements is an advanced form of an IF statement?
A) action statement
B) For statement
C) While statement
D) Case statement
E) Do statement

Accepted Answer

A Case statement is more advanced than an IF statement as it allows for multiple conditions to be evaluated and different actions to be taken depending on those conditions. An IF statement only allows for one condition to be evaluated and one action to be taken.

Question 16

_____ has emerged as the standard for the design of object-oriented systems. A) Java B) C⁺⁺ C) VisualBasic D) UML E) Microsoft .NET

Accepted Answer

UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized graphical language used for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of a software system. It is widely accepted as the standard for object-oriented system design. Java, Visual Basic, and .NET are programming languages and frameworks, whereas C⁺⁺ is not a known technology or standard.

Question 17

What are the two types of coupling in object-oriented systems?
A) interaction, data
B) data, inheritance
C) data, stamp
D) interaction, inheritance
E) data, common

Accepted Answer

The two types of coupling in object-oriented systems are interaction and inheritance. Interaction coupling refers to when one object interacts with another object through its methods or interfaces. Inheritance coupling refers to when one class inherits properties and methods from another class. Therefore, option D is correct as it correctly identifies the two types of coupling in object-oriented systems. Option A is incorrect as there is no such thing as "stamp" coupling. Option B is incorrect as inheritance is a type of coupling, not data coupling. Option C and E are also incorrect as they do not correctly identify the two types of coupling in object-oriented systems.

Question 18

The audience for pseudocode is the _____.
A) analyst
B) programmer
C) manager
D) user
E) customer

Accepted Answer

Pseudocode is primarily intended for programmers as it outlines the logic and structure of a program in a human-readable form, making it easier for them to understand and implement the actual code.

Question 19

_____ means having the ability to send the same message to different objects, which can be interpreted differently by different objects.
A) encapsulation
B) polymorphism
C) inheritance
D) coupling
E) cohesion

Accepted Answer

Polymorphism means that a single message can be interpreted differently by different objects. This allows for flexibility in programming and the ability to write code that can work with many different types of objects.

Question 20

Which of the following types of interaction coupling is "best?"
A) stamp
B) data
C) content or pathological
D) common or global
E) control

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following types of interaction...

Quiz 8: Class and Method Design

Detailed design is important for two reasons. First, preexisting classes and components need to be understood, organized, and pieced together, and second, _____.

In an object-oriented system, changes can take place at the following level of abstraction.

Fan-out refers to _____.

The basic building block of a system is the _____.

_____ suggests that only the information required to use an object should be available outside the object.

A class has an attribute in which a range of values has a semantic meaning. This class has _____ connascence.

When a global data area exists outside individual objects, the resulting system has _____ interaction coupling.

In terms of levels of abstraction, which of the following is at the lowest level relative to the rest?

Of all of the types of interaction coupling, _____ is the worst.

_____ refers to the level of interdependency or interrelationship among the modules in a system.

When a method of one object refers to the inside hidden parts of another object, these methods are exhibiting _____ coupling.

Object-oriented systems have three general types of cohesion: ___, _, and ___.

A class / object should only represent one thing, and a method should only solve a single task. This principle is often referred to as _____.

In order to get an object to perform a method, a(n) _____ is sent to the object.

Which of the following Structured English statements is an advanced form of an IF statement?

_____ has emerged as the standard for the design of object-oriented systems.

What are the two types of coupling in object-oriented systems?

The audience for pseudocode is the _____.

_____ means having the ability to send the same message to different objects, which can be interpreted differently by different objects.

Which of the following types of interaction coupling is "best?"