Deck 8: Class and Method Design

Question 1

Detailed design is important for two reasons. First, preexisting classes and components need to be understood, organized, and pieced together, and second, _____.

A) it is common for the project team to write some code and produce original classes that support the application logic of the system
B) it is tempting to jump in without planning
C) modular design is outdated
D) the SDLC continues to be used instead of a more reliable method of analysis for systems
E) top-down modular approaches are an acceptable method of analysis that must be performed during the planning phase

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In an object-oriented system, changes can take place at the following level of abstraction.

A) variable
B) method
C) class / object
D) cluster (examples: partition, package)
E) all of the above

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Fan-out refers to _____.

A) the number of attributes a class has
B) the number of messages sent by a method
C) the number of times a message is sent by a method
D) the number of times an attribute is passed from a class
E) none of the above

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The basic building block of a system is the _____.

A) object
B) attribute
C) message
D) partition
E) method

Question 5

_____ suggests that only the information required to use an object should be available outside the object.

A) encapsulation
B) information hiding
C) polymorphism
D) inheritance
E) cohesion

Question 6

A class has an attribute in which a range of values has a semantic meaning. This class has _____ connascence.

A) Name
B) Type or Class
C) Convention
D) Algorithm
E) Position

Question 7

When a global data area exists outside individual objects, the resulting system has _____ interaction coupling.

A) stamp
B) data
C) content or pathological
D) common or global
E) control

Question 8

In terms of levels of abstraction, which of the following is at the lowest level relative to the rest?

A) system
B) partition / package
C) library
D) class / object
E) method

Question 9

Of all of the types of interaction coupling, _____ is the worst.

A) stamp
B) data
C) content or pathological
D) common or global
E) control

Question 10

_____ refers to the level of interdependency or interrelationship among the modules in a system.

A) coupling
B) cohesion
C) connascence
D) multiple inheritance
E) single inheritance

Question 11

When a method of one object refers to the inside hidden parts of another object, these methods are exhibiting _____ coupling.

A) data
B) stamp
C) control
D) common or global
E) content or pathological

Question 12

Object-oriented systems have three general types of cohesion: _____, _____, and _____.

A) method, class, inheritance
B) method, generalization / specialization, inheritance
C) generalization / specialization, class, object
D) method, class, generalization / specialization
E) functional, sequential, procedural

Question 13

A class / object should only represent one thing, and a method should only solve a single task. This principle is often referred to as _____.

A) coupling
B) cohesion
C) connascence
D) multiple inheritance
E) none of the above

Question 14

In order to get an object to perform a method, a(n) _____ is sent to the object.

A) state
B) object
C) attribute
D) message
E) instance

Question 15

Which of the following Structured English statements is an advanced form of an IF statement?

A) action statement
B) For statement
C) While statement
D) Case statement
E) Do statement

Question 16

_____ has emerged as the standard for the design of object-oriented systems.

A) Java
B) C++
C) VisualBasic
D) UML
E) Microsoft .NET

Question 17

What are the two types of coupling in object-oriented systems?

A) interaction, data
B) data, inheritance
C) data, stamp
D) interaction, inheritance
E) data, common

Question 18

The audience for pseudocode is the _____.

A) analyst
B) programmer
C) manager
D) user
E) customer

Question 19

_____ means having the ability to send the same message to different objects, which can be interpreted differently by different objects.

A) encapsulation
B) polymorphism
C) inheritance
D) coupling
E) cohesion

Question 20

Which of the following types of interaction coupling is "best?"

A) stamp
B) data
C) content or pathological
D) common or global
E) control

Question 21

It is impossible for a subclass to inherit from more than one superclass.

Question 22

Constraints can be written in either a natural language, a semiformal language, or a formal language such as ________________.

A) UML
B) Structured English
C) Use case diagrams
D) English
E) UML's Object Constraints Language

Question 23

There are three different types of constraints typically captured in object-oriented design: preconditions, postconditions, and _____________.

A) regular conditions
B) guard conditions
C) exception handling
D) invariants
E) contracts

Question 24

A Case statement is an advanced form of an If statement.

Question 25

Many project teams are too quick to jump into writing code for classes without first designing them.

Question 26

Method specifications can be somewhat vague, as the programmers will have a good idea of what the analyst needs done in the system.

Question 27

Essentially, all OCL expressions are simply a declarative statement that evaluates to either being true or false. If the expression evaluates to true, then the constraint has been _______________.

A) satisfied
B) executed
C) always true
D) served as an invariant
E) skipped

Question 28

A derived attribute results from storing the value of a computation.

Question 29

You should maximize connascence within an encapsulation boundary and minimize connascence between the encapsulation boundaries.

Question 30

Fan-out refers to the number of attributes passed by one object to another.

Question 31

A post-condition is one that must be valid for a method to execute.

Question 32

Subclasses inherit the appropriate attributes and methods from the superclass above them.

Question 33

Contracts document the message passing that takes place between objects.

Question 34

C++ forces programmers to write code with good levels of interaction coupling.

Question 35

Polymorphism is the mechanism that combines the processes and data into a single object.

Question 36

Because of potential problems, developers must be aware of the effects of modifications in a superclass and in each of the subclasses that will inherit the modification.

Question 37

Dynamic binding refers to the ability of object-oriented systems to defer the data typing of objects to run time.

Question 38

High levels of inheritance coupling in a system are always good and desirable.

Question 39

Clicking a mouse can be an event.

Question 40

Coincidental is the worst type of method cohesion.

Question 41

Pseudocode is useful for writing algorithm specifications.

Question 42

A For statement simply performs some action.

Question 43

Method cohesion is concerned with the level of cohesion among the attributes and methods of a class.

Question 44

A self-contained, encapsulated piece of software that can be plugged into a system is often referred to as a design a pattern.

Question 45

Functional method cohesion is the "best" type of method cohesion.

Question 46

A post-condition is a constraint that must be met for a method to execute.

Question 47

Class cohesion addresses the cohesion within each individual method of a class.

Question 48

Method signatures, in conjunction with frameworks, class libraries and design patterns, offer excellent opportunities for reuse.

Question 49

A method that performs multiple functions that are unrelated to one another exhibits Coincidental cohesion, and this type of cohesion is undesirable.

Question 50

The signature of a method is completely specified by the name of the method and the parameters that must be passed to the method.

Question 51

The order of the code in a method is critical for the method to execute correctly. This method has position connascence.

Question 52

A pre-condition is a constraint that must be met after the method executes.

Question 53

The worst type of method cohesion is logical method cohesion.

Question 54

You should try to maximize the cohesion within an encapsulation boundary and minimize the coupling between the encapsulation boundaries.

Question 55

When a calling method passes a variable to the called method, the two exhibit content or pathological coupling.

Question 56

Mixed-role class cohesion is the worst type of class cohesion.

Question 57

Generalization / specialization cohesion addresses the sensibility of the inheritance hierarchy.

Question 58

Moving the attributes to a calling class when it is the only class that needs those attributes is not a method of optimizing the design of a system?

Question 59

A method that combines two functions that use the same attributes to execute exhibits Communicational cohesion.

Question 60

Using an attribute to store the value of a computation is the use of a derived attribute.

Question 61

Invariants model constraints that must always be true for all instances of a class.

Question 62

What is inheritance coupling? How can inheritance coupling be minimized?

Question 63

Invariants are a type of constraints captured in object-oriented design

Question 64

A listing of the items that trigger the functionality in the program is known as events.

Question 65

Contracts contain a detailed algorithmic description of how the method is to work.

Question 66

What is cohesion? Is this desirable or undesirable in a system? Why?

Question 67

UML's Object Constraint Language is a formal language.

Question 68

A Case statement in Structured English has several mutually exclusive branches.

Question 69

Constraints can only be written in either a semiformal language or a formal language.

Question 70

A detailed outline of the lines of code that need to be written is known as pseudocode.

Question 71

Essentially, all OCL expressions are simply a declarative statement that evaluates to either being true or false.

Question 72

One of inheritance abuses in Object-oriented design is the inheritance was used to implement an association relationship.

Question 73

An If statement in Structured English controls actions that are performed under different conditions.

Question 74

Written documents that include explicit instructions on how to write the code to implement the method are called method specifications.

Question 75

Describe the concept of inheritance. How does this impact the development of object-oriented systems?

Question 76

What is coupling? Is this desirable or undesirable in a system? Why?

Question 77

A Case statement in Structured English specifies some action to be performed.

Question 78

There are only two different types of constraints typically captured in object-oriented design: preconditions and postconditions.

Question 79

Since a Manager has a higher position than an Employee, it is a good idea to design class Manager as a superclass, and the class Employee inherits class Manager.

Question 80

What is interaction coupling? How can interaction coupling be minimized?