Question 1

The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to SSC
A) Small holes to rupture
B) Small holes
C) Cracks
D) Only rupture

Accepted Answer

Stress corrosion cracking (SSC) is a type of corrosion that can lead to the formation of cracks in the metal. Therefore, the failure mode that is likely to occur due to SSC is cracks. Small holes or rupture is not necessarily a result of SSC.

Question 2

Other functional failures are usually covered within
A) RBI
B) RCM
C) PHA
D) HAZOP

Accepted Answer

RCM (Reliability Centered Maintenance) is a comprehensive maintenance methodology that includes the analysis and prevention of functional failures. It involves identifying the functions of a system, the potential failure modes, the causes of those failure modes, and the actions that can be taken to prevent or mitigate them. Other methodologies listed (RBI, PHA, HAZOP) may touch on functional failures, but they do not cover them comprehensively like RCM does.

Question 3

Following are the common mechanical deterioration mechanisms except
A) Fatigue
B) Stress/creep rupture
C) Tensile overload
D) Intergranular corrosion

Accepted Answer

Intergranular corrosion is not a mechanical deterioration mechanism, it is a chemical deterioration mechanism. The other choices are all mechanical deterioration mechanisms.

Question 4

____________ are often necessary to establish susceptibility of equipment to stress corrosion cracking.
A) Literature, expert opinion and experience
B) Cracking mechanisms
C) Damage mechanisms
D) Fluid toxicity and its constituents

Accepted Answer

Literature, expert opinion, and experience are often necessary to establish susceptibility of equipment to stress corrosion cracking as they provide insights and historical data on how materials have reacted under similar conditions.

Question 5

The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to mechanical and metallurgical deterioration
A) Small holes to ruptures
B) Cracks
C) Catastrophic ruptures
D) Leaks

Accepted Answer

The answer of The type of failure mode that likely...

Question 6

Depending on the methodology employed in qualitative analysis, the categories may be described with words such as
A) High, medium or low or may have numerical descriptors.
B) High, medium or low only
C) Numerical descriptors only

Accepted Answer

Qualitative analysis can use both descriptive words like "high," "medium," or "low" and numerical descriptors to categorize data, depending on the methodology used.

Question 7

Sec occurs when equipment is exposed to environments
A) Conducive to certain cracking mechanisms
B) Unfavorable to certain cracking mechanisms
C) Unbeneficial to certain cracking mechanisms

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sec occurs when equipment is exposed to...

Question 8

Following are the critical variables for deterioration mechanism except
A) Material of construction
B) Process operating
C) Start up and shut down conditions
D) Insulation

Accepted Answer

Insulation is not a critical variable in the deterioration mechanism. The other three variables, material of construction, process operating, and start up and shut down conditions, are key factors that can affect the degradation of equipment and materials in industrial processes.

Question 9

Who can provide useful input (such as the spectrum of process conditions, injection points etc.) To aid materials specialists in the identification of deterioration mechanisms and rates
A) Process specialists
B) Plant operation specialists
C) Asset integrity experts
D) Inspection engineers

Accepted Answer

Process specialists have the expertise to provide detailed information on process conditions and injection points, which are crucial for identifying deterioration mechanisms and rates.

Question 10

The ability to state the rate of deterioration precisely is affected by the following except
A) By equipment complexity
B) Type of deterioration mechanism, process and metallurgical variations
C) Inaccessibility for inspection, limitations of inspection and test methods
D) Lack of coverage of an area subject to deterioration
E) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ability to state the rate of...

Question 11

If multiple inspections have been performed, which inspection may best reflect current operating conditions?
A) Most recent inspection
B) Base line inspection survey
C) Process conditions
D) Corrosion survey

Accepted Answer

The most recent inspection may best reflect the current operating conditions as it will capture any changes or developments since the previous inspections. However, it is important to consider any trends or patterns that have been observed in previous inspections as well.

Question 12

When in accurate or insufficient failure data exists on the specific equipment item for quantitate probability of failure analysis then
A) General industry, company or manufacturer failure data used
B) Process hazard analysis failure data may be used
C) Process and toxic concentration analysis may be used

Accepted Answer

When there isn't enough failure data available for a specific equipment item, the next best option is to use general industry, company, or manufacturer failure data. This data will provide a better estimate than making assumptions or guesses based on insufficient information. Process hazard analysis or process and toxic concentration analysis may not be relevant or helpful in determining the probability of failure for a specific equipment item.

Question 13

Damage mechanisms where deterioration rates are immeasurable or unknown are
A) Stress corrosion cracking
B) Hydrogen induced cracking
C) Thinning
D) All of the above
E) Both A and B

Accepted Answer

Stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen induced cracking are both damage mechanisms where the deterioration rates can be difficult to measure accurately, if at all. Thinning, on the other hand, is a degradation mechanism that can often be measured or monitored over time, making it less likely to be included in this category. Therefore, options A and B are correct, and option C is not. The correct answer is choice letter E.

Question 14

Deterioration rates can be expressed in terms of
A) Corrosion rates for thinning or susceptibility for mechanisms where deterioration rate is unknown
B) Corrosion rates for thinning only
C) Immeasurable quantity
D) Discrete numbers
E) Susceptible rates only

Accepted Answer

Deterioration rates can be expressed in terms of corrosion rates for thinning or susceptibility for mechanisms where deterioration rate is unknown. This is because corrosion rates can be measured and quantified, while other mechanisms of deterioration may not have a known rate of decay.

Question 15

_________________curves are referred for the deterioration mechanism for carbon and low ally steel materials.
A) Nelson curves
B) PH concentration curves
C) Schmidt curves for sulfide corrosion

Accepted Answer

Nelson curves are used to describe the deterioration mechanism for carbon and low alloy steel materials, particularly in the context of high-temperature hydrogen attack.

Question 16

Consequence analysis will aid in preparation of
A) Risk ranking of equipment
B) To understand the probability of failures
C) To understand about equipment history

Accepted Answer

Consequence analysis helps in risk ranking of equipment by assessing the potential impact of equipment failure, which is crucial for prioritizing maintenance and safety measures.

Question 17

Probability side of the risk equation is normally managed by
A) Plant inspectors or inspection engineers
B) Maintenance planning engineers
C) Process safety personnel
D) A&B

Accepted Answer

The answer of Probability side of the risk equation is...

Question 18

If a very aggressive acid is carried over from a corrosion resistant part of a system into a downstream vessel that is made of carbon steel, the result would be
A) Rapid corrosion could result in failure in a few hours or days.
B) General corrosion over a period of time could result in metal loss
C) No deterioration will take place since carbon steel is resistant to aggressive acid

Accepted Answer

The aggressive acid can react with the carbon in the carbon steel to form a corrosion product. This can result in rapid localized corrosion and eventually lead to failure of the vessel in a few hours or days. Therefore, it is important to ensure that materials of construction are compatible with the process fluid to avoid such catastrophic failures.

Question 19

The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to pitting
A) Small hole sized leaks
B) Small holes to ruptures
C) Cracks
D) Catastrophic rupture

Accepted Answer

Pitting corrosion typically results in small, localized holes or cavities on the surface of a material, leading to small hole sized leaks.

Question 20

The type of failure mode that likely to occur due thinning
A) Larger leaks or rupture
B) Only rupture
C) Metal loss
D) Cracks

Accepted Answer

Thinning of a material can lead to larger leaks or even rupture due to reduced structural integrity and increased vulnerability to damage or stress.

Exam 2: Risk Based Inspection

The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to SSC

Other functional failures are usually covered within

Following are the common mechanical deterioration mechanisms except

____________ are often necessary to establish susceptibility of equipment to stress corrosion cracking.

The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to mechanical and metallurgical deterioration

Depending on the methodology employed in qualitative analysis, the categories may be described with words such as

Sec occurs when equipment is exposed to environments

Following are the critical variables for deterioration mechanism except

Who can provide useful input (such as the spectrum of process conditions, injection points etc.) To aid materials specialists in the identification of deterioration mechanisms and rates

The ability to state the rate of deterioration precisely is affected by the following except

If multiple inspections have been performed, which inspection may best reflect current operating conditions?

When in accurate or insufficient failure data exists on the specific equipment item for quantitate probability of failure analysis then

Damage mechanisms where deterioration rates are immeasurable or unknown are

Deterioration rates can be expressed in terms of

_________________curves are referred for the deterioration mechanism for carbon and low ally steel materials.

Consequence analysis will aid in preparation of

Probability side of the risk equation is normally managed by

If a very aggressive acid is carried over from a corrosion resistant part of a system into a downstream vessel that is made of carbon steel, the result would be

The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to pitting

The type of failure mode that likely to occur due thinning