Question 1

What achievement goal emphasizes learning the material and mastering new skills and does not focus on how other students are performing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What achievement goal emphasizes learning the material...

Question 2

Why might users of self-determination theory object to the use of reinforcement to influence student learning?
A) It results in behavior change.
B) It is too externally controlling.
C) It does not take into account cultural differences.
D) It could lead to learned helplessness.

Accepted Answer

Users of self-determination theory believe in the importance of intrinsic motivation and the autonomy of the learner. The use of reinforcement, which is an external method of control, may undermine intrinsic motivation and take away a student's autonomy in their learning.

Question 3

When people experience learned helplessness, they think that their low ability for some skill or activity is
A) fixed and unchangeable.
B) changeable through effort.
C) higher for girls than for boys.
D) attributable to the low quality of instruction they have received.

Accepted Answer

People with learned helplessness believe that their abilities are fixed and unchangeable, leading them to give up trying to improve in a certain skill or activity.

Question 4

Which of the following is most under teacher control?
A) situational interest
B) personal interest
C) self-esteem
D) ethnic identity

Accepted Answer

Situational interest, or the temporary interest in a topic based on the situation or context, is most under teacher control. Teachers can create engaging and relevant lessons and activities that capture the attention and interest of students. Personal interest, self-esteem, and ethnic identity are more deeply rooted and are influenced by a range of factors beyond the teacher's control.

Question 5

What generally happens to motivation as students transition from elementary to junior high school?
A) motivation increases for students who are in honors classes
B) motivation declines for girls but not boys
C) motivation increases for students
D) motivation declines for students

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that motivation tends to decline for students as they transition from elementary to junior high school. This decline is often attributed to a variety of factors such as increased academic demands, social pressures, and decreased autonomy.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the text's suggestions regarding the types of models that should most improve your students' performance?
A) peer models
B) multiple models
C) coping models
D) unsuccessful models

Accepted Answer

The text does not suggest that unsuccessful models are effective in improving students' performance. Rather, the text suggests using successful models such as peer models, multiple models, and coping models.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT good advice for the use of goal setting?
A) use specific goals
B) tell students to do their best
C) give feedback to students
D) be sure that students are committed to the goals

Accepted Answer

Telling students to do their best is not specific enough and does not provide clear direction for goal setting. It is important to use specific goals, give feedback, and ensure commitment to the goals for effective goal setting.

Question 8

Which group tends to have higher self-esteem: African American youth or White youth?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which group tends to have higher self-esteem:...

Question 9

What does it mean to show a discrepancy in order to foster student interest?
A) Provide feedback regarding correct and incorrect answers.
B) Show students that their exam responses are wrong.
C) Show students that what they think is true about a topic is false.
D) Demonstrate to students the difference between situational and personal interest.

Accepted Answer

Showing a discrepancy means highlighting the difference between what students currently perceive as true and the actual truth. By doing so, students become interested in learning more and correcting their misconceptions. This can be done through activities such as experiments or case studies, which challenge students' existing beliefs and encourage them to think critically about the topic. Providing feedback (option A) or showing correct/incorrect answers (option B) do not necessarily involve highlighting discrepancies, and demonstrating situational vs personal interest (option D) is not directly related to fostering student interest in a specific topic.

Question 10

Which one of the following students clearly has a performance approach goal?
A) Jorge wants to be with his friends.
B) Celia wants to become more skilled at the material that is on the exam.
C) Christina wants to avoid work.
D) Jackson wants to do better than his classmates on the exam.

Accepted Answer

Jackson's goal is to perform better than his classmates on the exam, which is a classic example of a performance approach goal.

Question 11

Which of the following is most likely to foster self-determination?
A) extrinsic rewards
B) controlling statements
C) evaluation
D) choice

Accepted Answer

Choice is most likely to foster self-determination as it allows the individual to feel in control of their actions and experiences, leading to a greater sense of autonomy and motivation. Extrinsic rewards, controlling statements, and evaluation may undermine self-determination by promoting external factors as the primary motivators for behavior.

Question 12

Learned helplessness results when children
A) learn that, by acting helpless, they can get their parents to do things for them.
B) whose parents are responsive to crying learn to cry more often.
C) come to enjoy pretending to be helpless.
D) become passive in situations where they have learned that their actions do not influence events.

Accepted Answer

Learned helplessness occurs when children become passive in situations where they have learned that their actions do not influence events. They may give up trying to control their environment because they have learned that their behavior does not make a difference.

Question 13

What does it mean to say that students have a need for self-determination and autonomy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does it mean to say that...

Question 14

Do boys or girls tend to have higher interest in school?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Do boys or girls tend to have...

Question 15

What 1954 Supreme Court decision repudiated the doctrine of "separate but equal"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What 1954 Supreme Court decision repudiated the...

Question 16

Stereotype threat has to do with race and ethnicity, not with gender.

Accepted Answer

Stereotype threat can apply to various categories such as race, ethnicity, gender, and other social identities.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of situational interest rather than personal interest?
A) Adam finds the Guinness Book of World Records for the first time and is intrigued by the strange people it describes.
B) Blaine can't think of anything he would rather do than play poker with his friends.
C) Martha plays basketball, reads about basketball, watches basketball live and on TV, and talks about basketball with her friends.
D) Merrell wants to be rich and starts investing in the stock market while in high school.

Accepted Answer

Situational interest refers to a temporary interest or fascination with something that may not align with a person's long-term interests or goals. In this case, Adam's interest in the Guinness Book of World Records is not necessarily a long-term personal interest or passion, but rather a temporary fascination with something new and unusual. The other choices involve more consistent and long-term personal interests or goals.

Question 18

Ms. Ocampos avoids comparing students to each other, uses errors as opportunities for instruction, and emphasizes effort as the cause of learning and success. She is emphasizing which kind of goal?
A) mastery
B) performance approach
C) performance avoidance
D) social

Accepted Answer

Ms. Ocampos is emphasizing mastery goals, which focus on developing competence and improving skills rather than comparing oneself to others or achieving a certain grade or outcome.

Question 19

Which type of goal tends to result in the worst outcomes?
A) performance avoidance
B) performance approach
C) mastery
D) social

Accepted Answer

Performance avoidance goals tend to result in the worst outcomes because individuals are motivated by a desire to avoid failure rather than by actual interest or engagement in the task. This can lead to a lack of effort and poor performance, as well as negative consequences such as anxiety and stress. Mastery, social, and even performance approach goals can all be beneficial depending on the individual and the situation.

Quiz 13: The Self-System and Motivation

What achievement goal emphasizes learning the material and mastering new skills and does not focus on how other students are performing?

Why might users of self-determination theory object to the use of reinforcement to influence student learning?

When people experience learned helplessness, they think that their low ability for some skill or activity is

Which of the following is most under teacher control?

What generally happens to motivation as students transition from elementary to junior high school?

Which of the following is NOT one of the text's suggestions regarding the types of models that should most improve your students' performance?

Which of the following is NOT good advice for the use of goal setting?

Which group tends to have higher self-esteem: African American youth or White youth?

What does it mean to show a discrepancy in order to foster student interest?

Which one of the following students clearly has a performance approach goal?

Which of the following is most likely to foster self-determination?

Learned helplessness results when children

What does it mean to say that students have a need for self-determination and autonomy?

Do boys or girls tend to have higher interest in school?

What 1954 Supreme Court decision repudiated the doctrine of "separate but equal"?

Stereotype threat has to do with race and ethnicity, not with gender.

Which of the following is an example of situational interest rather than personal interest?

Ms. Ocampos avoids comparing students to each other, uses errors as opportunities for instruction, and emphasizes effort as the cause of learning and success. She is emphasizing which kind of goal?

Which type of goal tends to result in the worst outcomes?