Question 1

A child views herself as unworthy of love, and expects that adults will be unresponsive and uncaring. She has a negative

Accepted Answer

The child's expectation of adults being unresponsive and uncaring is indicative of a negative internal working model, which influences their patterns of attachment behavior. The internal working model refers to the child's mental representation of relationships, which is shaped by early experiences with caregivers. In this case, the child seems to have developed a negative view of themselves and others, which could lead to a less stable attachment style. Autonomous attachment and balance of attachment are not relevant concepts in this context.

Question 2

Attachment research suggests that most children would be particularly resistant about being left with a new babysitter when they are

Accepted Answer

Attachment research suggests that infants are most susceptible to separation anxiety and distress when they are around 1 year old. As children grow older and develop more independence, they may become more comfortable with new caregivers. However, at around age 4, children may begin to experience separation anxiety again as they become more aware of potential dangers and risks. By age 6, most children have developed secure attachments and are more adaptable to new caregivers.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about dependency and attachment is true?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment, as defined by attachment theory, actually promotes independence and confidence in children, rather than fostering dependency. It provides a secure base from which children can explore the world, knowing they have a safe haven to return to. This contrasts with the notion that attachment inherently means dependency; instead, secure attachment supports emotional and social development in a way that encourages autonomy.

Question 4

What sort of research has supported the causal explanation that mothers cause secure or insecure attachment?

Accepted Answer

The causal explanation that mothers cause secure or insecure attachment would require an experimental design to manipulate the variable of maternal behavior and observe the effect on attachment. Correlational, qualitative, and retrospective research may provide evidence of a relationship between maternal behavior and attachment, but they cannot establish causality.

Question 5

Attachment security influences which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Attachment security influences temperament traits, personality traits, and personality types as it plays a significant role in shaping an individual's emotional and social development, which in turn affects these aspects of personality.

Question 6

Effective teachers should attempt what for their insecurely attached students?

Accepted Answer

Effective teachers should attempt to disconfirm their insecurely attached students' negative internal working models. This can be done through building trust, providing a secure environment and positive interactions, and helping students feel understood and validated. Avoiding interaction, lowering expectations, or constantly switching teachers does not address the root issue of insecure attachment and may further harm the student's development.

Question 7

At 3 months of age, Silas smiles at everyone and allows anyone to pick him up. At 7 months, he cries whenever an unknown person picks him up or plays with him. Silas is experiencing

Accepted Answer

Silas is displaying a common behavior known as stranger wariness, which typically develops around 6-7 months of age. Infants at this age become increasingly wary of unknown people, which can cause them to cry or become upset when approached by someone they do not know. Choices A and D do not accurately describe Silas' behavior in this scenario, and while separation distress may be a related concept for young children, it is not the most appropriate answer for this specific situation.

Question 8

Parents of which type of child are most likely to be frightening to the child?

Accepted Answer

Children with a disorganized attachment style have experienced inconsistent and sometimes frightening behavior from their caregivers, leading to a sense of confusion and disorientation in the child. This type of behavior from caregivers is likely to be the most frightening to the child, as they are not able to predict their caregiver's responses and may feel unsafe or helpless.

Question 9

A key insight of attachment theory is that

Accepted Answer

A key insight of attachment theory is that securely attached infants use their attachment figure as a base for exploration. This means that they feel comfortable venturing out to explore their environment because they know they can always return to the caregiver for comfort and support. The other answer choices are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the key insight of attachment theory.

Question 10

A one-year-old child largely ignores the fact that his mother has left him with a stranger and does not seem to care when mother returns. What form of attachment is this?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of insecure avoidant attachment because the child disregards the mother's return and doesn't show any signs of distress or seeking comfort from the mother after the separation.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of temperament?

Accepted Answer

Temperament can be considered as a stable and innate component of a child's personality that determines how they react to the world around them. However, it's important to note that temperament is not solely determined by genetics but is also shaped by a child's environment and experiences. That being said, a stable environment is more likely to allow for the stability of temperament over time. Therefore, Option B is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect as there may be differences in mother and father reports of temperament. Option C is incorrect as temperament traits can be inherited from both parents. Option D is incorrect as effortful control refers to a child's ability to control their own emotions and behavior, not other people.

Question 12

A one-year-old child signals to be picked up by her mother upon reunion, but pushes away when her mother picks her up. What form of attachment is this?

Accepted Answer

This behavior is indicative of an insecure resistant attachment style, where the child seeks closeness to the caregiver but also resists contact or interaction, showing ambivalence in their actions.

Question 13

School bonding is primarily caused by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

School bonding is primarily caused by feeling cared for at school by both teachers and peers. When students feel supported and valued, they are more likely to have a positive attachment to their school community. Secure attachment to the mother, attending schools with transitions, and large schools with many extracurricular activities may be related to other aspects of students' development and experiences in school, but they are not directly linked to school bonding.

Question 14

The Strange Situation Procedure is primarily a measure of

Accepted Answer

The Strange Situation Procedure is primarily used to assess attachment in toddlers, specifically their attachment style and behavior towards their caregiver in a novel and potentially stressful situation. It was developed by Mary Ainsworth in the 1970s as a way to observe and categorize attachment patterns in infants and young children.

Question 15

Baby geese imprint onto their mothers or other moving objects. This is an insight generated by

Accepted Answer

Imprinting behavior in baby geese is a classic example of ethology, a branch of biology that studies animal behavior in their natural habitats. Ethology emphasizes the importance of environmental stimuli and innate behavior for the survival and adaptation of species. In the case of imprinting, baby geese learn to recognize and follow their mothers or other moving objects shortly after hatching, which increases their chances of finding food, avoiding predators, and developing social bonds. This behavior was first described by the Nobel Prize-winning scientist Konrad Lorenz, who is considered one of the pioneers of modern ethology.

Question 16

Temperament traits discussed in the text include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The text discusses the temperament traits of negative emotionality and behavioral inhibition, which are categorized under the broader construct of "difficult temperament." The other options (A, B, and D) are not mentioned in the text as temperament traits.

Question 17

Children who display disorganized attachment are likely to have

Accepted Answer

Children who display disorganized attachment often exhibit strange or bizarre behaviors, such as freezing or appearing confused or fearful, in response to their caregiver. This is due to a lack of a consistent and reliable attachment figure, leading to confusion and difficulty regulating emotions.

Question 18

In order to develop secure attachment, mothers and infants need to be

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that responsive interactions between the mother and infant are the key component in developing a secure attachment. This means that the mother needs to be attuned to the baby's needs and respond in a consistent and sensitive manner. Physical contact is important, but it is the quality of interaction that matters most. Leaving the baby alone frequently or being part of a cohesive family does not necessarily guarantee a secure attachment.

Question 19

By taking into account the extinction principle of operant conditioning, parents might be able to terminate certain types of infant behavior, like crying, during the night by ignoring the child. It may be unwise for parents to use this technique too often, however, because

Accepted Answer

Infants need to learn that they can get others to respond in order to develop a sense of trust and security. Ignoring an infant's cries too often can undermine this process and potentially harm the child's emotional well-being. Additionally, extinction techniques can result in a temporary increase in behavior before it decreases, which can be distressing for the child and difficult for parents to manage.

Question 20

The definition of behavioral inhibition overlaps with (is somewhat the same as)

Accepted Answer

Behavioral inhibition is closely related to shyness, as both involve a tendency to withdraw from unfamiliar people or situations.

Quiz 6: Attachment and Personality