Question 1

It is not uncommon to find the premature neonate, especially who is under 27 weeks' gestation, with the eyes still fused and unable to open.

Accepted Answer

Premature neonates who are under 27 weeks' gestation may have their eyes still fused and may be unable to open them. This is because the eyelids may not have fully developed yet.

Question 2

The Paramedic should prewarm the ambulance for the preterm newborn to greater than 90 degrees Fahrenheit.

Accepted Answer

The recommended temperature for prewarming an ambulance for a preterm newborn is around 75 degrees Fahrenheit (24 degrees Celsius) to maintain the infant's body temperature without causing overheating.

Question 3

Thermoregulation is difficult for the newborn to maintain directly after birth, even for the term newborn.

Accepted Answer

This is true because newborns have a limited ability to regulate their own body temperature and rely on external sources of warmth, such as being held skin-to-skin with their caregiver or being placed under a heat lamp. This is especially challenging for premature or low birth weight infants who have less body fat and muscle mass to generate heat.

Question 4

In some cases, the endotracheal tube becomes obstructed (e.g., by meconium); this is the O in DOPE.

Accepted Answer

Yes, in some cases the endotracheal tube can become obstructed, for example, due to meconium, which is considered as the O in the DOPE acronym used in emergency medicine to troubleshoot airway management.

Question 5

The neonate's umbilicus should be left exposed for umbilical catheterization, if necessary.

Accepted Answer

Leaving the umbilicus exposed allows for easier access for umbilical catheterization if necessary. It also allows for proper monitoring and care of the umbilical stump after delivery.

Question 6

The newborn should have a vigorous cry.

Accepted Answer

A vigorous cry is a sign that the newborn is breathing properly and has a strong respiratory system. It also indicates that the baby is alert and responsive. A weak or absent cry could signal potential health issues and should be evaluated by a medical professional.

Question 7

A neonate weighing less than 4.2 pounds is considered to be of extremely low birth weight.

Accepted Answer

A neonate weighing less than 2.3 pounds (or 1,000 grams) is considered to be of extremely low birth weight.

Question 8

Due to the fragile gelatinous state of a premature neonate's skin, the average preterm neonate can lose up to 150 mL of water in the first few days of life.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Premature neonates have fragile skin that can lead to high rates of insensible water loss, with an average of 150 mL lost in the first few days of life.

Question 9

When using a bag-mask assembly to assist the newborn with breathing, the Paramedic should gently start to ventilate at a rate of 40 to 60 breaths a minute.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Ventilation rate for a newborn should be 40 to 60 breaths per minute using a bag-mask assembly.

Question 10

The normal respiratory rate of a neonate is 20 to 30 breaths per minute.

Accepted Answer

The normal respiratory rate of a neonate is typically 30 to 60 breaths per minute.

Question 11

Ventilation should not be interrupted for more than five seconds to place an orogastric tube.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ventilation should not be interrupted for more...

Question 12

An example of heat loss through ____ could be placing a neonate on a cold bed, causing a heat transfer from the neonate to the bed.

Accepted Answer

This scenario demonstrates heat loss through conduction, which is the transfer of heat between two objects in contact with each other. The neonate is in direct contact with the cold bed, allowing heat to transfer from the neonate's warmer body to the cooler surface of the bed.

Question 13

Heat transfer from direct contact is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

Conduction is the transfer of heat between objects that are in direct contact with each other.

Question 14

Having a neonate exposed to drafts will cause a heat transfer through ____.

Accepted Answer

Convection is the correct answer because it involves the movement of air around the neonate, leading to heat loss from the neonate's body to the surrounding cooler air. Drafts enhance this process by continuously replacing the warmed air near the skin with cooler air.

Question 15

Typically, the Paramedic checks the newborn's fontanels as the first step in the neurological exam.

Accepted Answer

The first step in a newborn's neurological exam typically involves assessing the baby's level of consciousness and reflexes, not specifically checking the fontanels.

Question 16

Preterm newborns who are hypoxic have a normal respiratory pattern.

Accepted Answer

Preterm newborns who are hypoxic usually have an abnormal respiratory pattern, such as irregular breathing or apnea.

Question 17

Capillary refill, a dependable sign of perfusion in newborns, may be best obtained on the newborn's forehead.

Accepted Answer

Capillary refill time is a measure of peripheral perfusion, and is commonly used to assess a newborn's circulatory status. The most reliable location to check capillary refill time is the forehead, because it is less affected by cooler temperatures or compression than other areas of the body.

Question 18

____ is heat transfer due to air currents.

Accepted Answer

Convection is the type of heat transfer that occurs due to the movement of air or fluid. The heated air or fluid rises and carries heat energy away from the source, transferring it to cooler areas.

Question 19

Premature newborns have decreased amounts of brown adipose tissue for ____, the ability to make heat, due to their prematurity.

Accepted Answer

Brown adipose tissue is responsible for thermogenesis, which is the ability to generate heat. Premature newborns have decreased amounts of this tissue, which can contribute to their difficulty in maintaining body temperature. Aspiration refers to inhaling foreign objects or substances, homeostasis refers to maintaining internal balance, and ventilation refers to the movement of air in and out of the lungs. None of these options are relevant to the decreased brown adipose tissue in premature newborns.

Question 20

Good chest rise, a strong cry, and gasping are signs of good respiration.

Accepted Answer

Good chest rise and a strong cry are signs of good respiration, but gasping is a sign of respiratory distress.

Quiz 39: Neonatal Resuscitation