Question 1

Ten days after taking a psychology exam, Michael took a second exam on the same material (without reviewing) and scored only half as high as he did on the original exam. If he were tested yet again ten days later without additional study, the curve of forgetting suggests his score would be about
A) the same as on the second exam.
B) one third of his score on the first exam.
C) 20 percent of his score on the first exam.
D) one half of his score on the second exam.

Accepted Answer

The curve of forgetting suggests that most forgetting occurs soon after learning, but the rate of forgetting slows down over time. Therefore, if Michael scored half as much on the second exam without reviewing, it's likely his score would remain about the same on a third exam taken another ten days later without additional study.

Question 2

You memorize the definitions in this module and learn them completely after one hour of study. Two years later, you relearn them in 45 minutes. This difference of 15 minutes (or 25 percent retention) would be considered your __________ score.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You memorize the definitions in this module...

Question 3

In his graduation speech, Darian did well at the beginning and the end of the speech but faltered in remembering the information he wanted to express during the middle section of his speech, which illustrates the __________ effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In his graduation speech, Darian did well...

Question 4

The fact that people can often tell beforehand if they are likely to remember something is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fact that people can often tell...

Question 5

Discuss the occurrence of partial memories, including the concepts of the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) state and the feeling of knowing; and explain why people experience d éjà vu.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the occurrence of partial memories, including...

Question 6

Cue-dependent forgetting may be the cause of
A) memory trace decay.
B) the tip-of-the-tongue state.
C) short-term memory problems.
D) encoding disruption.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cue-dependent forgetting may be the cause of
A)...

Question 7

Explain why recognition is usually superior to recall, how recognition is used by police departments, how various distracters can make recognition inaccurate, and how this inaccuracy can be minimized.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why recognition is usually superior to...

Question 8

If you were asked to describe the steps you go through in backing your car out of the driveway, you would most likely retrieve this implicit memory by moving your head, hands, and feet with these movements providing cues for memory retrieval through a process known as _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you were asked to describe the...

Question 9

If you can't remember whose picture is on a U.S. ten dollar bill, the most likely reason is
A) encoding failure.
B) proactive interference.
C) disuse.
D) retroactive interference.

Accepted Answer

Encoding failure refers to the failure to register or encode information into our memory system. In this case, if someone cannot remember whose picture is on a U.S. ten dollar bill, it is likely that they did not pay attention to the information encoding process when they were exposed to it, leading to encoding failure.

Question 10

The feeling that a memory is available but not quite retrievable is known as the ___________ state.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The feeling that a memory is available...

Question 11

The fact that a majority of elderly persons have excellent long-term memories for events that happened when they were young tends to cast doubt on which explanation of forgetting?
A) problems with sensory memory
B) consolidation
C) disuse
D) encoding failure

Accepted Answer

The fact that elderly persons often retain strong long-term memories of their youth suggests that the theory of forgetting due to disuse (the idea that memories fade simply because they are not accessed or used) may not fully explain the phenomenon of forgetting. This is because, despite potentially long periods without recalling these memories, the elderly can still remember events from their youth vividly, indicating that disuse alone cannot account for why people forget some things but remember others.

Question 12

Regarding forgetting, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) There is evidence that memories not retrieved and "used" or rehearsed become weaker over time.
B) Research has shown that the disuse explanation provides the best explanation for forgetting in long-term memory.
C) Reintegration, relearning, and priming can recover seemingly forgotten memories.
D) Elderly persons often have vivid memories of trivial and long forgotten events from their past.

Accepted Answer

The disuse explanation, which suggests that memories fade simply because they are not used, is not considered the best explanation for forgetting in long-term memory. Other theories, such as interference and decay, provide more comprehensive explanations for how and why we forget information over time.

Question 13

Regarding the three methods of measuring memory, multiple choice and matching questions on a test would measure the information you have learned in class through ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regarding the three methods of measuring memory,...

Question 14

In the "Card Magic" demonstration in your textbook, your card appeared to disappear due to which type of forgetting?
A) encoding failure
B) disuse
C) retroactive interference
D) proactive interference

Accepted Answer

Encoding failure occurs when the information never enters the memory system, which can explain why the card appears to disappear in a magic trick if the audience fails to encode the card's details.

Question 15

Memories currently stored in memory which can be retrieved when necessary are both available and __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Memories currently stored in memory which can...

Question 16

If you are able to sing the lyrics to a familiar pop tune, you are exhibiting the measure of memory known as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you are able to sing the...

Question 17

An experiment was conducted in which a person was talking to a young adult stranger, and two workers carried a door between this person and the young man. Another young man was switched with the original stranger. Only half of the participants tested this way noticed the switch. What were the conclusions regarding this experiment?
A) More college students did not notice the switch because they were in a hurry and thinking about getting to their next class.
B) More older persons did not notice the switch because their brains are beginning to be damaged by the onset of senility.
C) More older persons did not notice because they encoded both young men in very general terms as a "college student."
D) More older persons did not notice the switch because of poor visual acuity.

Accepted Answer

The experiment suggests that more older persons did not notice the switch because they encoded both young men in very general terms as a "college student." This is a common cognitive phenomenon known as the "own-age bias," where people are better at recognizing faces of individuals within their own age group. Therefore, older persons may have encoded both young men in their memory as a general "college student" category, making the switch less noticeable.

Question 18

Regarding meaningful material, if one can remember 70 percent of this material after three years, then he or she should remember what percent of this information after 20 years?
A) 10 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 70 percent

Accepted Answer

The question states that the individual can remember 70 percent of the material after three years, but it does not give any information about a decline in memory retention after that. Therefore, it is safe to assume that if the individual can remember 70 percent after three years, they should still be able to remember the same percentage after 20 years, making D the best choice.

Question 19

A memory that a person is aware of having and which can be consciously retrieved is a(n) __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A memory that a person is aware...

Question 20

The difference between learning nonsense syllables and meaningful information is
A) that nonsense syllables are remembered longer because of their distinctiveness.
B) that meaningful information is remembered longer because it is linked with prior knowledge.
C) that learning nonsense syllables is easier because there is no proactive inhibition.
D) so minimal that both types of information are remembered for virtually the same length of time.

Accepted Answer

Meaningful information is better remembered because it can be linked to prior knowledge and experiences, which aids in the encoding and retrieval processes. Nonsense syllables, on the other hand, lack a meaningful context and are more difficult to remember without additional mnemonic strategies.

Quiz 7: Memory

Ten days after taking a psychology exam, Michael took a second exam on the same material (without reviewing) and scored only half as high as he did on the original exam. If he were tested yet again ten days later without additional study, the curve of forgetting suggests his score would be about

You memorize the definitions in this module and learn them completely after one hour of study. Two years later, you relearn them in 45 minutes. This difference of 15 minutes (or 25 percent retention) would be considered your __________ score.

In his graduation speech, Darian did well at the beginning and the end of the speech but faltered in remembering the information he wanted to express during the middle section of his speech, which illustrates the __________ effect.

The fact that people can often tell beforehand if they are likely to remember something is called the __________.

Discuss the occurrence of partial memories, including the concepts of the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) state and the feeling of knowing; and explain why people experience d éjà vu.

Cue-dependent forgetting may be the cause of

Explain why recognition is usually superior to recall, how recognition is used by police departments, how various distracters can make recognition inaccurate, and how this inaccuracy can be minimized.

If you were asked to describe the steps you go through in backing your car out of the driveway, you would most likely retrieve this implicit memory by moving your head, hands, and feet with these movements providing cues for memory retrieval through a process known as _________.

If you can't remember whose picture is on a U.S. ten dollar bill, the most likely reason is

The feeling that a memory is available but not quite retrievable is known as the ___________ state.

The fact that a majority of elderly persons have excellent long-term memories for events that happened when they were young tends to cast doubt on which explanation of forgetting?

Regarding forgetting, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Regarding the three methods of measuring memory, multiple choice and matching questions on a test would measure the information you have learned in class through ___________.

In the "Card Magic" demonstration in your textbook, your card appeared to disappear due to which type of forgetting?

Memories currently stored in memory which can be retrieved when necessary are both available and __________.

If you are able to sing the lyrics to a familiar pop tune, you are exhibiting the measure of memory known as __________.

Regarding meaningful material, if one can remember 70 percent of this material after three years, then he or she should remember what percent of this information after 20 years?

A memory that a person is aware of having and which can be consciously retrieved is a(n) __________ memory.

The difference between learning nonsense syllables and meaningful information is