Question 1

Social conditioning, sociopolitical influences, and bias in diagnosis are factors that help explain ____.
A) ethnic and gender differences in mental health
B) the impetus for the development of managed health care
C) the success of hypnosis and catharsis in changing an individual's behavior
D) the increase in the number of mental health professionals in the United States

Accepted Answer

These factors contribute to disparities in mental health experiences and diagnoses among different ethnic and gender groups, influencing how mental health conditions are understood, identified, and treated across diverse populations.

Question 2

Dr. Juarez discovers that certain symptoms of behavior reliably occur in clusters. Her discovery would be seen as ____.
A) evidence of a syndrome
B) support for a psychological viewpoint
C) an illustration of epidemiology
D) support for a biological viewpoint

Accepted Answer

Syndromes are defined as a group of symptoms that consistently occur together or a condition characterized by a set of associated symptoms. Dr. Juarez's discovery directly aligns with the definition of a syndrome, as it involves identifying a reliable cluster of behavioral symptoms.

Question 3

____ is the industrialization of health care through which large organizations determine what type and duration of treatment clients can have.
A) Managed health care
B) Multicultural psychology
C) Moral therapy
D) The drug revolution

Accepted Answer

Managed health care is a system designed to streamline the process of providing health care services. In this model, large organizations, such as insurance companies or health maintenance organizations (HMOs), play a significant role in determining the type, duration, and scope of treatment that patients receive, with an aim to control costs and improve efficiency.

Question 4

A psychologist says, "There are certain emotional disorders for which we can find no evidence of brain pathology." This psychologist's statement reflects a(n) ____ viewpoint.
A) organic
B) biogenic
C) humanistic
D) psychological

Accepted Answer

The statement reflects a psychological viewpoint as it suggests that emotional disorders may not always have a biological or organic basis, implying a focus on psychological factors.

Question 5

Frenchman Philippe Pinel and American Benjamin Rush were both concerned with ____.
A) the development of private "madhouses" because they were highly profitable
B) the moral treatment of patients in hospitals
C) helping patients gain easy access to medications
D) instituting the use of shamans in the modern treatment of mentally disturbed individuals in an attempt to be culturally sensitive

Accepted Answer

Philippe Pinel and Benjamin Rush were pioneers in the movement towards humane treatment of the mentally ill, advocating for the moral treatment of patients in hospitals, which emphasized compassion and understanding over the harsh practices that were common at the time.

Question 6

A person who subscribes to the multipath model of mental illness would probably agree that ____.
A) behaviorism was much more influential in the treatment of mental disorders than drug treatment or psychoanalysis
B) biological factors are only a part of the picture for explaining and treating mental disorders
C) biological factors are the most important causes of most mental disorders
D) Biological factors are the most important causes of most mental disorders

Accepted Answer

The multipath model of mental illness suggests that mental disorders result from a complex interaction of biological, psychological, social, and sociocultural factors. Therefore, someone who subscribes to this model would agree that biological factors are only part of the picture for explaining and treating mental disorders, acknowledging the importance of other factors as well.

Question 7

Catharsis assumes that ____.
A) abnormal behavior is affected primarily by cultural norms
B) reliving forgotten emotions reduces suffering
C) astrology and planetary movements affect human emotions
D) drug treatment, coupled with social skills training, improves mental functioning

Accepted Answer

Catharsis is a therapeutic concept that involves the release of pent-up emotions, leading to relief and healing. It posits that reliving and expressing previously repressed or forgotten emotions can reduce psychological suffering.

Question 8

A psychologist states the following: "Because they have higher birthrates, racial and ethnic minorities in the United States are already a numerical majority. This increase in diversity has led to the field called multicultural psychology, which is interested in increasing the cultural sensitivity of mental health professionals." What portion of this statement is incorrect ?
A) It is incorrect to say that multicultural psychology is interested in increasing cultural sensitivity.
B) It is incorrect to say that racial minorities have higher birthrates.
C) It is incorrect to say that minorities are currently the majority.
D) It is incorrect to say that diversity has led to multicultural psychology.

Accepted Answer

As of the last available data, racial and ethnic minorities in the United States have not yet become the numerical majority. The statement incorrectly suggests that this shift has already occurred.

Question 9

When working with one of his female patients, Josef Breuer discovers that she is able to resolve many of her symptoms by remembering and reliving the emotional aspects of previously forgotten memories. This therapeutic use of verbal expression is referred to as the ____ method.
A) association
B) memory
C) hypnotic
D) cathartic

Accepted Answer

The method discovered by Josef Breuer, where a patient resolves symptoms by remembering and reliving the emotional aspects of previously forgotten memories through verbal expression, is referred to as the cathartic method. This approach laid foundational concepts for psychoanalysis.

Question 10

Imagine that we travel back in time and meet two Americans. The first says, "I am sometimes called the father of U.S. psychiatry. I used bloodletting to treat my mental patients, but I insisted they be treated with respect." The second says, "Although I was only a schoolteacher, when I saw the deplorable conditions under which mental patients were living, I devoted my life to establishing suitable mental hospitals." The first person was ____; the second was ____.
A) Benjamin Rush; Dorothea Dix
B) William Tuke; Clifford Beers
C) Clifford Beers; Dorothea Dix
D) Benjamin Rush; Friedrich Anton Mesmer

Accepted Answer

The first person is Benjamin Rush, known as the father of American psychiatry, who advocated for humane treatment of the mentally ill, including the use of bloodletting. The second person is Dorothea Dix, a schoolteacher who dedicated her life to improving conditions for the mentally ill and was instrumental in founding several mental hospitals.

Question 11

Dr. Lawrence believes that mental illness has an emotional basis. We can therefore conclude that Dr. Lawrence holds a(n) ____ view of mental illness.
A) organic
B) biological
C) psychological
D) emotional

Accepted Answer

Dr. Lawrence's belief that mental illness has an emotional basis aligns with a psychological view, which emphasizes mental and emotional factors in the development and treatment of mental illness.

Question 12

Which statement would be consistent with the ideas of Emil Kraepelin?
A) Whenever behavior prevents people from performing the tasks they are expected to perform, it is a sign of abnormality.
B) Abnormality is a deviation from ideal personality traits such as competence, self-actualization, and creativity.
C) Every culture has its own unique set of symptoms and disorders.
D) Symptoms of mental health disorders tend to occur in clusters.

Accepted Answer

Emil Kraepelin is known for his work in classifying mental disorders into distinct categories based on common patterns of symptoms, suggesting that mental health disorders tend to manifest in specific clusters of symptoms.

Question 13

According to Kraepelin, mental disorders can be seen in terms of symptom clusters that have their own cause, course, and outcome, which are considered ____ in origin.
A) sociocultural
B) biological
C) psychological
D) culturally universal

Accepted Answer

Kraepelin is known for his biological perspective on mental disorders, emphasizing that these disorders have biological causes, courses, and outcomes.

Question 14

Dr. Johns researches mental disorders using laboratory methods. He stresses the importance of directly observable behaviors and the conditions or stimuli that evoke, reinforce, or extinguish them. Dr. Johns adheres to which early viewpoint of mental illness?
A) humanism
B) behaviorism
C) psychoanalysis
D) mesmerism

Accepted Answer

Dr. Johns' focus on directly observable behaviors and the stimuli that affect them aligns with the principles of behaviorism, an early viewpoint in psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behaviors and the environmental factors that influence them, rather than internal mental states.

Question 15

The advent of psychotropic drugs in the 1950s was considered a major revolution in the treatment of mental disorders because _ ___.
A) the medications slowly reduced patients' symptoms
B) patients were able to focus their attention without resorting to therapy
C) use of medications revised the strong belief in the psychological basis of mental illness
D) stays in mental hospitals were shortened and became more cost-effective

Accepted Answer

The introduction of psychotropic drugs in the 1950s significantly reduced the length of hospital stays for patients with mental disorders, making treatment more cost-effective and allowing many patients to live outside of institutions.

Question 16

Critics of empirically based treatments express concern that the move to evidence-based therapy ____.
A) is biased in favor of psychodynamic treatment.
B) is too broad-based with respect to identifying psychological disorders
C) provides too many treatment options
D) does not recognize clinical intuition

Accepted Answer

Critics argue that evidence-based therapy often overlooks the value of clinical intuition, focusing instead on treatments that have been validated through empirical research.

Question 17

Imagine that you are in Paris in 1775. People tell you their physical and mental health is remarkably improved when they experience a strange sleeplike trance. Later, you hear that the man who performed these remarkable cures was investigated and forced to leave Paris. What forerunner of hypnosis were the people of Paris discussing?
A) catharsis
B) mesmerism
C) exorcism
D) trephining

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon being described is mesmerism, named after Franz Mesmer, who proposed the existence of a natural energy transference between all animated and inanimate objects, which he called "animal magnetism." This was a precursor to the modern understanding of hypnosis.

Question 18

Mesmer's lasting contribution to psychology is his ____.
A) research showing the relationship between syphilis and the mental deterioration seen in general paresis
B) development of a textbook for psychiatry that described the major disorders
C) demonstration that psychological factors, such as the power of suggestion, can be highly therapeutic
D) demonstration that the masses can fall for a false set of beliefs

Accepted Answer

Mesmer is best known for his work on animal magnetism, later called mesmerism, which led to the modern practice of hypnosis. His contributions are recognized in the realm of understanding how psychological factors, like the power of suggestion, can have therapeutic effects.

Question 19

A history book states, "Benjamin Rush introduced humane policies into American mental hospitals, but it took Dorothea Dix to make significant positive reforms in mental hospital care. After her work, inhumane treatment was eliminated in the United States." What, if anything, is incorrect in this statement?
A) No portion of the statement is incorrect.
B) It is incorrect to say that Dix made significant positive reforms.
C) It is incorrect to say that inhumane treatment was eliminated by Dix.
D) It is incorrect to say that Rush introduced humane policies.

Accepted Answer

While Dorothea Dix made significant reforms in mental health care, it is incorrect to claim that her work completely eliminated inhumane treatment in the United States. Inhumane treatment persisted in various forms even after her reforms.

Question 20

Which perspective proposes that people can develop new meaning and purpose even though limitations caused by illness exist?
A) recovery movement
B) psychoanalytic theory
C) psychological resilience
D) clinical intuition

Accepted Answer

The recovery movement emphasizes the possibility of recovery and personal growth despite the presence of mental illness, focusing on developing new meaning and purpose in life beyond one's limitations.

Quiz 1: Abnormal Behavior

Social conditioning, sociopolitical influences, and bias in diagnosis are factors that help explain ____.

Dr. Juarez discovers that certain symptoms of behavior reliably occur in clusters. Her discovery would be seen as ____.

____ is the industrialization of health care through which large organizations determine what type and duration of treatment clients can have.

A psychologist says, "There are certain emotional disorders for which we can find no evidence of brain pathology." This psychologist's statement reflects a(n) ____ viewpoint.

Frenchman Philippe Pinel and American Benjamin Rush were both concerned with ____.

A person who subscribes to the multipath model of mental illness would probably agree that ____.

Catharsis assumes that ____.

When working with one of his female patients, Josef Breuer discovers that she is able to resolve many of her symptoms by remembering and reliving the emotional aspects of previously forgotten memories. This therapeutic use of verbal expression is referred to as the ____ method.

Dr. Lawrence believes that mental illness has an emotional basis. We can therefore conclude that Dr. Lawrence holds a(n) ____ view of mental illness.

Which statement would be consistent with the ideas of Emil Kraepelin?

According to Kraepelin, mental disorders can be seen in terms of symptom clusters that have their own cause, course, and outcome, which are considered ____ in origin.

Dr. Johns researches mental disorders using laboratory methods. He stresses the importance of directly observable behaviors and the conditions or stimuli that evoke, reinforce, or extinguish them. Dr. Johns adheres to which early viewpoint of mental illness?

The advent of psychotropic drugs in the 1950s was considered a major revolution in the treatment of mental disorders because _ ___.

Critics of empirically based treatments express concern that the move to evidence-based therapy ____.

Mesmer's lasting contribution to psychology is his ____.

Which perspective proposes that people can develop new meaning and purpose even though limitations caused by illness exist?