Question 1

The first naturalistic explanation of abnormal behavior can be traced to ____.
A) early twentieth century psychosurgery
B) Philippe Pinel in eighteenth-century Paris
C) Hippocrates in ancient Greece
D) Galen in ancient Rome

Accepted Answer

Hippocrates in ancient Greece is credited with the first naturalistic explanation of abnormal behavior, proposing that such conditions were due to imbalances in the body's four humors, moving away from supernatural explanations.

Question 2

The early Christian Church believed that ____.
A) demons could be released through the cathartic method
B) many behaviors we call mental disorders were the result of supernatural forces
C) science was the most effective way to understand abnormal human behavior
D) abnormal behavior was primarily the result of biological abnormality

Accepted Answer

The early Christian Church held the belief that many behaviors considered to be mental disorders were actually the result of supernatural forces, such as possession by demons or the influence of evil spirits. This perspective was common in the Middle Ages and influenced the treatment of individuals with mental disorders, often through exorcism or other religious rituals rather than through medical or psychological interventions.

Question 3

"I reject the idea of witchcraft. Disturbed people are sick people who deserve our sympathy, not torture and death." Who would have been most likely to say these words?
A) Pope Innocent VIII
B) Ivan Pavlov
C) John B. Watson
D) Johann Weyer

Accepted Answer

Johann Weyer was a Dutch physician and occultist who is often considered one of the first to speak out against the persecution of witches. He believed that those accused of witchcraft were suffering from mental illness rather than being in league with the devil, advocating for their humane treatment rather than torture and execution.

Question 4

In treating the mentally disturbed, moral therapists were likely to make use of which of the following?
A) antipsychotic medications
B) controls such as chains, starvation, restraints, and hot baths
C) mesmerism
D) prayer, work, kindness, and talking out problems

Accepted Answer

Moral therapy emphasized humane treatment and the belief that mental illness could be treated by improving the conditions of the patient's environment. This approach often included methods such as prayer, work, kindness, and talking out problems, which were seen as ways to engage and rehabilitate patients rather than punish or control them.

Question 5

Imagine that half the clerical employees in one building of a school begin to have headaches, feel agitated, scratch themselves furiously, feel numbness in their fingers, and faint. There is no biological explanation. This incident would most likely be seen by psychologists as an example of ____.
A) mass madness
B) exorcism
C) hypnotic susceptibility
D) mesmerism

Accepted Answer

This scenario is most likely an example of "mass madness," also known as mass psychogenic illness or mass hysteria, where a group of people exhibit similar physical symptoms without a known physical cause, often due to psychological or social factors.

Question 6

Exorcism involves ____.
A) increasing one's activity level so that, by becoming fit, a person's body can recover from a physical or mental illness
B) chipping a hole in the skull of a person believed to be possessed by demons
C) praying and chanting over or flogging and starving a person to cast evil spirits out of the body
D) examining the brains of people who have severe mental disorders

Accepted Answer

Exorcism traditionally involves rituals such as praying, chanting, flogging, or starving the afflicted individual to expel evil spirits or demons believed to possess them.

Question 7

What was the Malleus Maleficarum ?
A) a compilation of all medical knowledge regarding abnormal behavior from the Greeks and Romans
B) a description of how to treat madness in the Dark Ages
C) a guide to building hospitals for the mentally ill that were more humane
D) a guidebook for identifying and exterminating witches

Accepted Answer

The Malleus Maleficarum, written in 1487 by Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger, was a guidebook for identifying, prosecuting, and exterminating witches. It played a significant role in the witch hunts of the early modern period.

Question 8

Historians of the witchcraft age concluded that ____.
A) the mentally ill were especially prone to being perceived as witches
B) few people were ever accused of being witches and almost none were killed
C) many witches were actually intellectually disabled, not mentally disordered
D) almost all witches were mentally disordered

Accepted Answer

Historians have found that those who were perceived as different, including the mentally ill, were often targeted during the witchcraft age, making them more prone to being accused of witchcraft.

Question 9

Who ordered the chains to be removed from inmates at a mental asylum and is considered a founder of the moral treatment movement?
A) Clifford Beers
B) Johann Weyer
C) Philippe Pinel
D) Dorothea Dix

Accepted Answer

Philippe Pinel is credited with ordering the removal of chains from inmates at a mental asylum in Paris, marking a significant shift towards more humane treatment of the mentally ill and contributing to the foundation of the moral treatment movement.

Question 10

The humanistic movement of the Renaissance ____.
A) emphasized the value of the cathartic method
B) presented the first biogenic theory of abnormal behavior in recorded history
C) challenged the notion of demonic possession
D) led directly to deinstitutionalization of mentally disordered individuals

Accepted Answer

The humanistic movement of the Renaissance challenged the notion of demonic possession by promoting a more human-centered approach to understanding human behavior, including mental health issues. This movement marked a shift away from supernatural explanations towards more natural and humanistic explanations for phenomena, including mental illness.

Question 11

"Your sadness is what I call melancholia. It is a problem with your brain, the cure for which is abstinence from sex, rest, and, if necessary, the removal of some of your bad blood." During what era would this advice most likely have been given?
A) sixteenth-century Paris, France
B) prehistoric times
C) ancient Greece
D) the Dark Ages

Accepted Answer

This advice reflects the ancient Greek medical theory of the four humors, where melancholia was thought to be caused by an imbalance of black bile, and treatments included bloodletting and lifestyle changes.

Question 12

Which statement below concerning witchcraft is accurate ?
A) At first, the church made no distinctions between types of demonic possession.
B) Witchcraft became a way of explaining peculiar behavior when the church was under  attack.
C) The church tried to stop people from accusing deviant people of being witches.
D) The treatment for witchcraft typically involved prayers, gentle persuasion, and sympathy.

Accepted Answer

Witchcraft was often used as an explanation for peculiar or deviant behavior, especially during times of social or religious upheaval, when traditional beliefs and structures were questioned or under attack. This provided a convenient scapegoat for unexplained phenomena or societal anxieties.

Question 13

This individual practiced medicine in Rome and related mental illness to the brain and central nervous system. His greatest contribution may have been compiling all medical knowledge from Hippocrates' time to his own. Who is he?
A) Pinel
B) Mesmer
C) Weyer
D) Galen

Accepted Answer

Galen was a prominent physician in Rome who made significant contributions to the understanding of the human body and medical science. He believed that mental illness was connected to the brain and central nervous system, and he compiled medical knowledge from the era of Hippocrates to his own time, making him a pivotal figure in the history of medicine.

Question 14

During what period of time would a behavior disorder most likely be treated with the surgical method called trephining?
A) The Stone Age
B) Biblical times
C) The Golden Age of Greece
D) The 19th and 20th centuries

Accepted Answer

Trephining, also known as trepanation, is one of the oldest known surgical procedures, dating back to the Neolithic period, or the late Stone Age. It involved drilling or scraping a hole into the human skull to treat health problems, including behavior disorders, which were often attributed to supernatural forces.

Question 15

During the Middle Ages, mental illness was ____.
A) based on a disease model
B) handled with care and humane treatment
C) based on scientific principles
D) seen as a manifestation of God's will

Accepted Answer

During the Middle Ages, mental illness was often seen as a manifestation of God's will or as a result of supernatural forces, rather than being understood in medical or scientific terms.

Question 16

Imagine that you could use a time machine to travel back to the thirteenth century. You see groups of people in a village jumping, dancing, and having convulsions in the town square. All over Europe, you find similar groups of raving people. You would have witnessed the ____.
A) phenomenon called trephining
B) mass madness called St. Vitus's Dance
C) phenomenon called lycanthropy
D) mass madness called mesmerism

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is B) mass madness called St. Vitus's Dance. This refers to a phenomenon where groups of people danced uncontrollably, often described in historical accounts as being affected by mass hysteria or a mass psychogenic illness.

Question 17

Humanism is the ____.
A) scientific study of behavior
B) philosophical movement that emphasizes human welfare and individual uniqueness
C) biological theory of abnormal behavior first used by the ancient Greeks
D) name the Catholic Church gave to the practice of identifying and executing individuals they believed were witches

Accepted Answer

Humanism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes human welfare and the uniqueness of the individual. It focuses on human values and concerns, advocating for a more personal and individual approach to understanding and improving the human condition.

Question 18

"Although I lived in a different country than Philippe Pinel, I also worked to establish moral treatment for mental patients." Who might have said this?
A) William Tuke
B) Galen
C) Jean-Martin Charcot
D) Friedrich Anton Mesmer

Accepted Answer

William Tuke, an English Quaker, is known for founding the York Retreat in 1796, which was a pioneering institution in the moral treatment of the mentally ill, similar to the work of Philippe Pinel in France.

Question 19

Trephining refers to the process of ____.
A) putting leaches on the body to remove bad blood
B) making a person chant and pray to drive out evil spirits
C) changing one's diet to improve one's physical and mental health
D) boring a hole in the skull to let demons escape

Accepted Answer

Trephining, or trepanning, is an ancient surgical intervention where a hole is bored into the human skull to treat health problems, including supposed mental illness or to let out demons, according to historical beliefs.

Question 20

Suppose an archaeologist unearthed an ancient Greek document that contained instructions for the treatment of mental disorders such as melancholia and mania. What would the writing probably say?
A) "Hypnotize the person and encourage the person to express his or her negative emotions."
B) "Have the family treat the person with rest, good diet, and moderate exercise."
C) "Treat the person as you would a witch."
D) "Take a sharp stone and cut a hole in the person's skull to let out the evil demons."

Accepted Answer

Ancient Greek medical texts, such as those by Hippocrates, often recommended treatments for mental disorders that included rest, a healthy diet, and moderate exercise. These recommendations were based on the belief in balancing bodily humors. The other options reflect practices or beliefs that are not associated with ancient Greek medical traditions.

Quiz 1: Abnormal Behavior

The first naturalistic explanation of abnormal behavior can be traced to ____.

The early Christian Church believed that ____.

"I reject the idea of witchcraft. Disturbed people are sick people who deserve our sympathy, not torture and death." Who would have been most likely to say these words?

In treating the mentally disturbed, moral therapists were likely to make use of which of the following?

Imagine that half the clerical employees in one building of a school begin to have headaches, feel agitated, scratch themselves furiously, feel numbness in their fingers, and faint. There is no biological explanation. This incident would most likely be seen by psychologists as an example of ____.

Exorcism involves ____.

What was the Malleus Maleficarum ?

Historians of the witchcraft age concluded that ____.

Who ordered the chains to be removed from inmates at a mental asylum and is considered a founder of the moral treatment movement?

The humanistic movement of the Renaissance ____.

"Your sadness is what I call melancholia. It is a problem with your brain, the cure for which is abstinence from sex, rest, and, if necessary, the removal of some of your bad blood." During what era would this advice most likely have been given?

Which statement below concerning witchcraft is accurate ?

This individual practiced medicine in Rome and related mental illness to the brain and central nervous system. His greatest contribution may have been compiling all medical knowledge from Hippocrates' time to his own. Who is he?

During what period of time would a behavior disorder most likely be treated with the surgical method called trephining?

During the Middle Ages, mental illness was ____.

Imagine that you could use a time machine to travel back to the thirteenth century. You see groups of people in a village jumping, dancing, and having convulsions in the town square. All over Europe, you find similar groups of raving people. You would have witnessed the ____.

Humanism is the ____.

"Although I lived in a different country than Philippe Pinel, I also worked to establish moral treatment for mental patients." Who might have said this?

Trephining refers to the process of ____.

Suppose an archaeologist unearthed an ancient Greek document that contained instructions for the treatment of mental disorders such as melancholia and mania. What would the writing probably say?