Question 1

When discussing the relationship between short-term and long-term memory, the authors of your textbook use the analogy of short-term memory being like
A)a huge warehouse filled with desks and filing cabinets.
B)a small desk at the front of a huge warehouse filled with filing cabinets.
C)several large filing cabinets.
D)a laptop that has an unlimited number of files.

Accepted Answer

The analogy of short-term memory being like a small desk at the front of a huge warehouse filled with filing cabinets is used to illustrate the idea that short-term memory has limited capacity and is the immediate, accessible area for processing and use, while long-term memory is vast and stores much more information, akin to the extensive storage in a warehouse.

Question 2

When discussing the relationship between short-term and long-term memory, the authors of your textbook use the analogy of a warehouse with filing cabinets and a desk. As information enters the warehouse, it is first placed on the desk, which represents
A)iconic memory.
B)sensory memory.
C)short-term memory.
D)long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

The desk in the analogy represents short-term memory, where information is temporarily held and processed before it can be filed away into long-term memory (the filing cabinets). This reflects the process of how information moves from initial perception to a more permanent storage.

Question 3

Which of the following types of memory is most often stored phonetically (by sound)?
A)eidetic
B)short-term
C)iconic
D)procedural

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is most often stored phonetically (by sound), as it involves the temporary storage and manipulation of information, where auditory and verbal information is commonly processed phonetically.

Question 4

In which memory system will information be quickly "dumped" unless the process of maintenance rehearsal takes place?
A)sensory memory
B)short-term memory
C)semantic memory
D)procedural memory

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory holds information temporarily, and without maintenance rehearsal, the information is likely to be forgotten quickly.

Question 5

Sydney would be described as having a wealth of knowledge. She is constantly reading about many diverse subjects. Heather has not read a book since her senior year in college and rarely watches the news to keep up with national or international events. Regarding the research on memory, we would expect
A)Sydney will find it easier than Heather to add new information to memory.
B)Heather will find it easier than Sydney to add new information to memory.
C)both will be able to add new information to memory equally well.
D)Sydney is more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia.

Accepted Answer

Sydney's constant engagement with diverse subjects likely enhances her cognitive framework, making it easier for her to integrate new information into her existing knowledge base. This is supported by research suggesting that active engagement with learning and cognitive challenges can improve memory and information retention.

Question 6

Short-term memories can be prolonged by
A)counting aloud to prevent new input.
B)maintenance rehearsal.
C)brain stimulation.
D)proactive cueing.

Accepted Answer

Maintenance rehearsal, which involves the repetition of information, can help prolong short-term memories by keeping the information active in one's mind.

Question 7

The more information you learn, the easier it becomes
A)to add new information to memory.
B)to forget previously learned information.
C)for interference and retrieval failure to occur.
D)for a person to develop Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia.

Accepted Answer

Learning more information can enhance cognitive processes, making it easier to integrate and connect new information with what is already known, thus facilitating memory consolidation and retrieval.

Question 8

You are introduced to Tim and Gina. Later when you see them, you cannot remember their names. If you try to guess their names, which of the following would most likely be your guess, considering how information is stored in short-term memory?
A)Thomas and Glenda
B)Tad and Gloria
C)Jim and Tina
D)George and Tanya

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory tends to retain the most prominent and distinctive features of information, such as the initial sounds of names. "Jim" and "Tina" share the same initial sounds as "Tim" and "Gina," making them the most likely guesses based on how short-term memory works.

Question 9

You have gone for the first time to one of the campus computer labs to work on your psychology assignments. However, you forgot your first-day handout, which has the psychology website listed. You spot a person from your class, and he tells you the website. You walk back to your computer and type in the website. In the process of working through the assignment, you accidentally exit completely out of the system. You cannot remember the psychology website. This illustrates how which of the following types of memory operates?
A)sensory memory
B)iconic memory
C)short-term memory
D)procedural memory

Accepted Answer

This scenario illustrates the operation of short-term memory, which is where information is temporarily held and manipulated for a brief period before it is either forgotten or transferred to long-term memory. The inability to recall the psychology website after a short period and without rehearsal or further encoding demonstrates the limited duration and capacity of short-term memory.

Question 10

Short-term memories are most often stored
A)phonetically.
B)visually.
C)iconically.
D)episodically.

Accepted Answer

Short-term memories are most often stored phonetically, meaning they are encoded based on sound. This is why we can remember a piece of information better if we repeat it out loud.

Question 11

When short-term memory (STM)is combined with other mental processes, it acts more like a "mental scratchpad" where we do much of our thinking. This aspect of STM is known as __________ memory.
A)working
B)eidetic
C)procedural
D)integrative

Accepted Answer

Working memory is the aspect of short-term memory that acts like a "mental scratchpad," allowing us to hold and manipulate information temporarily for tasks such as problem-solving, decision-making, and language comprehension.

Question 12

Your roommate calls out ten items for you to get at the grocery store on your way back from class. Regarding how short-term memories are encoded, if you were asked to get ham and soap, you are most likely to mistakenly bring back
A)jam and soup.
B)roast beef and shampoo.
C)hot dogs and buns.
D)bologna and detergent.

Accepted Answer

The items "jam" and "soup" are phonologically similar to "ham" and "soap," respectively, which aligns with how short-term memory often encodes information based on sound, leading to potential confusion with phonologically similar items.

Question 13

The critical factor determining whether information will move from short-term memory to long-term memory is its
A)length.
B)complexity.
C)meaning.
D)diversity.

Accepted Answer

The critical factor for information moving from short-term memory to long-term memory is its meaning. Information that is meaningful or that can be related to existing knowledge in a meaningful way is more likely to be remembered and stored in long-term memory.

Question 14

The storage capacity of long-term memory is best described as
A)a single item.
B)about seven items.
C)about seven volumes.
D)limitless.

Accepted Answer

The storage capacity of long-term memory is best described as limitless, meaning there is virtually no limit to the amount of information it can hold.

Question 15

Keeping a short-term memory alive by silently repeating it is called
A)redintegration.
B)maintenance rehearsal.
C)chunking.
D)elaborative processing.

Accepted Answer

Maintenance rehearsal involves repeatedly verbalizing or thinking about a piece of information to keep it in short-term memory.

Question 16

When discussing the relationship between short-term and long-term memory, the authors of your textbook use the analogy of a warehouse with filing cabinets and a desk. As information enters the warehouse, it is first placed on the desk. Because the desk is small, it must be quickly cleared off to make room for new information. While unimportant items are simply tossed away, personally or culturally meaningful information is placed in the files, which represent
A)working memory.
B)sensory memory.
C)short-term memory.
D)long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

The analogy describes long-term memory as the filing cabinets where personally or culturally meaningful information is stored for long periods, similar to how long-term memory functions by holding onto important information.

Question 17

Information in long-term memory can be retained for
A)30 minutes
B)one hour.
C)ten hours.
D)many years.

Accepted Answer

Information in long-term memory can be retained for an extended period, ranging from several minutes to a lifetime, thus "many years" is the correct choice.

Question 18

Information that is important or meaningful is retrieved from
A)working memory and encoded in short-term memory.
B)short-term memory and encoded in long-term memory.
C)eidetic memory and encoded in implicit memory.
D)procedural memory and encoded in semantic memory.

Accepted Answer

Information transitions from short-term memory to long-term memory through processes such as encoding, which makes it meaningful and important for long-term storage.

Question 19

Information is quickly "dumped" from short-term memory and forever lost unless you silently say the information over and over to yourself through a process known as
A)verbal reorganization.
B)chunking.
C)maintenance rehearsal.
D)implicit priming.

Accepted Answer

Maintenance rehearsal is the process of repeatedly verbalizing or thinking about a piece of information to keep it in short-term memory for a longer period. This is done to prevent the information from being forgotten.

Question 20

Regarding long-term memory (LTM), which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)LTM is often referred to as working memory.
B)LTM has an unlimited storage capacity.
C)LTM typically stores information phonetically.
D)The more you learn, the harder it is to add new information to LTM.

Accepted Answer

LTM is characterized by its virtually unlimited storage capacity, allowing it to hold a vast amount of information indefinitely.

Quiz 7: Memory

When discussing the relationship between short-term and long-term memory, the authors of your textbook use the analogy of short-term memory being like

When discussing the relationship between short-term and long-term memory, the authors of your textbook use the analogy of a warehouse with filing cabinets and a desk. As information enters the warehouse, it is first placed on the desk, which represents

Which of the following types of memory is most often stored phonetically (by sound) ?

In which memory system will information be quickly "dumped" unless the process of maintenance rehearsal takes place?

Short-term memories can be prolonged by

The more information you learn, the easier it becomes

You are introduced to Tim and Gina. Later when you see them, you cannot remember their names. If you try to guess their names, which of the following would most likely be your guess, considering how information is stored in short-term memory?

Short-term memories are most often stored

When short-term memory (STM) is combined with other mental processes, it acts more like a "mental scratchpad" where we do much of our thinking. This aspect of STM is known as __________ memory.

Your roommate calls out ten items for you to get at the grocery store on your way back from class. Regarding how short-term memories are encoded, if you were asked to get ham and soap, you are most likely to mistakenly bring back

The critical factor determining whether information will move from short-term memory to long-term memory is its

The storage capacity of long-term memory is best described as

Keeping a short-term memory alive by silently repeating it is called

Information in long-term memory can be retained for

Information that is important or meaningful is retrieved from

Information is quickly "dumped" from short-term memory and forever lost unless you silently say the information over and over to yourself through a process known as

Regarding long-term memory (LTM) , which of the following statements is TRUE?