Question 1

The concept that a person acts in a certain manner because of an innate predisposition to do so is based on the __________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The concept of innate predisposition to certain behaviors is based on the instinct theory. This theory suggests that behaviors are innate and instinctual, meaning they are genetically programmed and not learned through experience.

Question 2

An innate or inborn predisposition to act in a specific way is called a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

An instinct refers to a natural behavior that is genetically programmed into an organism, and it is an inborn predisposition to act in a certain way. Drives, incentives, and needs are all factors that can motivate behavior, but they are not necessarily innate or inborn predispositions.

Question 3

Maslow's hierarchy of needs has been described as a pyramid with several different levels. Please discuss each level of the pyramid, and use detailed personal examples to explain each need.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Maslow's hierarchy of needs has been described...

Question 4

An example of a primary drive is __________.

Accepted Answer

Thirst is a primary drive as it is a basic biological need for survival. Greed, wantonness, and piety are not considered primary drives as they are not necessary for basic survival.

Question 5

The observation that people often seek stimulation and that not all motives are aroused by internal states contradicts the __________ theory of motivation.

Accepted Answer

The drive-reduction theory of motivation states that internal physiological needs create an unpleasant state of tension that motivates an individual to reduce the discomfort by satisfying the need. However, the observation that people seek stimulation and engage in activities that do not reduce internal states of tension contradicts this theory.

Question 6

Primary drives are __________.

Accepted Answer

Primary drives are unlearned, biologically determined motivations, such as hunger and thirst, that are necessary for survival. They are not learned or socially determined, but rather innate and instinctual. Cognitive factors may influence how primary drives are expressed or regulated, but they do not define them.

Question 7

A renowned psychologist claims that motivated behaviors result from an effort to reduce tension caused by bodily needs such as hunger or thirst. Her philosophy most closely matches which theory?

Accepted Answer

The philosophy of the psychologist mentioned in the statement most closely matches the drive-reduction theory, which suggests that motivated behaviors are driven by the effort to reduce tension caused by bodily needs. This theory proposes that physiological needs create an arousal state, or drive, that motivates an individual to satisfy that need, thereby returning the body back to a state of homeostasis.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the instinct theory of motivation?

Accepted Answer

The instinct theory of motivation posits that organisms have innate and inborn patterns of behavior and desires that drive them to act in specific ways. This theory suggests that behavior is biologically predetermined rather than learned.

Question 9

The concept of __________ replaced the concept of instinct in motivation theory.

Accepted Answer

The concept of drive reduction replaced the concept of instinct in motivation theory, as it provided a more systematic and testable framework for understanding motivation and behavior. Drive reduction theory suggests that humans are motivated to reduce internal tensions caused by unmet needs.

Question 10

Henry hasn't eaten for four days and is very hungry. A friend offers to take him to lunch or to a new superhero movie that she knows Henry wants to see. The drive-reduction theory of motivation would predict that Henry __________.

Accepted Answer

According to drive-reduction theory, the primary motivator for behavior is the reduction of physiological needs such as hunger, thirst, and fatigue. Since Henry is very hungry, the theory suggests that he will be more motivated to select the option that satisfies his physiological need, which is lunch in this case. Therefore, Henry is likely to select the lunch.

Question 11

Finn has such powerful sexual needs that he engages in dangerously promiscuous behavior. In this case, Finn's sexual needs are a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

Finn's sexual needs are driving his behavior, making them a motive.

Question 12

The major shortcoming of the instinct concept is that __________.

Accepted Answer

While the concept of instincts has been used to explain behavior in many species, it has been criticized for being too simplistic and not taking into account the complex interactions between biology and environment. Additionally, simply labeling a behavior as an instinct does not provide much insight into the underlying motivations or reasons for that behavior. Therefore, choice C is the best answer.

Question 13

Thirst, sex, and hunger are examples of __________ drives.

Accepted Answer

Thirst, sex, and hunger are considered primary drives because they are biologically based and necessary for survival. Acquired drives (secondary drives) are learned through experience and can vary from person to person, such as the drive to achieve certain career aspirations or personal goals. Internalized and externalized drives are not commonly used terms in the study of motivation.

Question 14

An example of intrinsic motivation is reading a textbook because you __________.

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation refers to the inherent satisfaction and enjoyment one derives from engaging in an activity. Reading a textbook simply because one enjoys it exemplifies intrinsic motivation, whereas reading a textbook only to earn or avoid a certain grade (options A and B) represent extrinsic motivation. Being paid to read a textbook (option D) would also represent extrinsic motivation.

Question 15

Drives that are unlearned are called __________ drives.

Accepted Answer

Primary drives are unlearned and are based on physiological needs, such as hunger and thirst.

Question 16

The concept of primary drives would explain our need for __________.

Accepted Answer

Primary drives are biological needs essential for survival, such as the need for food.

Question 17

A need that energizes and directs behavior toward some goal is known as a __________.

Accepted Answer

A motive is a need or desire that drives behavior towards a goal.

Question 18

What are the physiological components involved in hunger? Describe how these components might be influencing you at breakfast, lunch, and dinner.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the physiological components involved in...

Question 19

The concept that an organism is motivated to act because its body is in a state of need is based on the __________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The concept that an organism is motivated to act because its body is in a state of need is based on the drive-reduction theory. This theory suggests that a physiological need creates an aroused state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need, which ultimately reduces the state of arousal.

Question 20

Take three theories of emotion and apply them to one emotional event in your life. Be specific about the event, and make clear connections to the theoretical assumptions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Take three theories of emotion and apply...

Quiz 9: Motivation and Emotion